A carregar...
Publicação
Otimização energética em certificação RECS: análise detalhada de medidas de melhoria
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.03 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As emissões de gases associadas à queima de combustíveis fósseis têm inúmeros impactos ambientais e é alarmante a dependência de fontes poluentes e finitas. A operação dos parques edificados representa uma fatia de quase 40% em energia final consumida na União Europeia e assim, têm vindo a ser estabelecidos regulamentos e diretivas, em Portugal e na União Europeia, relacionados com a eficiência energética dos edifícios. Em alguns casos os objetivos de melhoria definidos em cada país revelam-se pouco ambiciosos ou ainda em desenvolvimento. Deve ser reforçada a aposta na geração distribuída renovável, para consumo no local ou nas proximidades. Demonstrou-se, neste documento, o fundamental processo de certificação energética dos edifícios, estudou-se a viabilidade da geração solar fotovoltaica em edifícios de serviços para alcançar a autossuficiência energética, analisou-se a influência de regimes diferentes de geração e consumo para evidenciar a necessidade de focar num indicador objetivo como o NZEB. Realizaram-se três casos de estudo considerando edifícios de serviços com localizações, arquiteturas e tipologias de consumo distintas, através de ferramentas de simulação. Dois dos edifícios alcançaram o standard NZEB+ enquanto que um ficou aquém do balanço anual líquido nulo. Este dispõe do rácio inferior de potência instalada para área útil interior. Destacaram-se duas causas-chave: os consumos elevados dos sistemas em operação contínua, incluindo em período nocturno; inviabilidade de instalar um parque solar de maior capacidade devido à arquitetura do edifício. O regime de operação em autoconsumo revelou-se o mais vantajoso, comparado com a alternativa de unidade de pequena produção, uma vez que a poupança associada a custos evitados se revela superior à venda total da energia produzida a um valor reduzido. Estas ferramentas não refletem ainda a realidade da transição para o novo paradigma dos “prosumers”.
The emissions of gases associated with the burning of fossil fuels have numerous environmental impacts and the dependence on polluting and finite sources is alarming. The operation of building parks represents almost 40% in final energy consumption in the European Union, thus several regulations and directives have been established in Portugal and in the European Union related to buildings’ energy efficiency. In some cases, the improvement objectives set out in each country are either unambitious or still under development. The focus on distributed renewable generation should be strengthened for on-site and near-site consumption. In this document, the fundamental process of building energy performance certification was demonstrated, the feasibility of photovoltaic solar generation in service buildings was studied as a mean to achieve energy self-sufficiency and the influence of different generation and consumption regimes was analyzed to demonstrate the need to focus on an objective indicator such as NZEB. Three case studies were performed considering service buildings with distinct locations, architectures and typologies of consumption, using simulation tools. Two of the buildings reached the NZEB + standard while one fell short of the null net annual balance. Two key causes were highlighted: high consumption of systems in continuous operation, including at night hours; unfeasibility to install a solar park of greater capacity due to the architecture of the building. The self-consumption operating regime proved to be the most advantageous, compared to the small production unit alternative, since the savings associated with avoided costs are higher than the total sale of generated energy at a reduced value. These tools still do not reflect the reality of the transition to the new paradigm of prosumers.
The emissions of gases associated with the burning of fossil fuels have numerous environmental impacts and the dependence on polluting and finite sources is alarming. The operation of building parks represents almost 40% in final energy consumption in the European Union, thus several regulations and directives have been established in Portugal and in the European Union related to buildings’ energy efficiency. In some cases, the improvement objectives set out in each country are either unambitious or still under development. The focus on distributed renewable generation should be strengthened for on-site and near-site consumption. In this document, the fundamental process of building energy performance certification was demonstrated, the feasibility of photovoltaic solar generation in service buildings was studied as a mean to achieve energy self-sufficiency and the influence of different generation and consumption regimes was analyzed to demonstrate the need to focus on an objective indicator such as NZEB. Three case studies were performed considering service buildings with distinct locations, architectures and typologies of consumption, using simulation tools. Two of the buildings reached the NZEB + standard while one fell short of the null net annual balance. Two key causes were highlighted: high consumption of systems in continuous operation, including at night hours; unfeasibility to install a solar park of greater capacity due to the architecture of the building. The self-consumption operating regime proved to be the most advantageous, compared to the small production unit alternative, since the savings associated with avoided costs are higher than the total sale of generated energy at a reduced value. These tools still do not reflect the reality of the transition to the new paradigm of prosumers.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019
Palavras-chave
Eficiência energética em edifícios Geração renovável distribuída Fotovoltaico NZEB Autonomia energética Prosumer Teses de mestrado - 2019