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Estudo de hemoculturas
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A hemocultura é um exame que se baseia na determinação de microrganismos na corrente sanguínea de doentes com suspeita de um quadro infeccioso como: febre de origem desconhecida, sépsis, endocardite, pneumonia, meningite, infecções em doentes imunodeprimidos e bacteremia. As infecções da corrente sanguínea são causadas principalmente por: bactérias, vírus e fungos. As principais bactérias que causam infecções da corrente sanguínea são: Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus, Bacilos Gram-negativo e Bacilos Gram-negativo não fermentadores. Numa hemocultura, recomenda-se que se colhe pelo menos 2 (duas) amostras de 10 ou 20 ml de sangue do doente, em punções diferentes antes do início da antibioticoterapia, utilizando técnicas antisépticas: (desinfectar o local da punção com algodão embebido em solução alcoólica de iodo povidona ou álcool iodado). O sangue colhido é inoculadoem 2 (dois) frascos; (anaeróbio e aeróbio) para maior clareza dos resultados. As amostras e as requisições dos doentes, quando chegam ao Laboratório, são devidamente identificadas e posteriormente são incubadas em equipamentos automatizados: (Bact/ALERT VIRTUO, Bact/ALERT 3D e BACTEC 9000). Estes equipamentos dão alarme sempre que houver garrafas de hemoculturas positivas. Os frascos de hemoculturas positivos são removidos dos equipamentos, em seguida faz-se a sementeira e a coloração pelo método de Gram. Os resultados da sementeira e do método de Gram são analisados na sala das informações e posteriormente são encaminhados para a sala de identificação e antibiograma. Onde as hemoculturas menos sugestivas, faz-se apenas identificação da espécie bacteriana e as mais sugestivas, faz-se identificação da espécie bacteriana e antibiograma, utilizando os seguintes equipamentos: MALDI-TOF, Microscan WalkAway e Vitek 2 Compact®. Os resultados da sementeira, do método de Gram, da identificação da espécie bacteriana e do antibiograma; são enviados com maior brevidade ao Clínico para dar início a terapêutica específica aos doentes.
Blood culture is an examination that is based on the determination of microorganisms in the bloodstream of patients suspected of an infectious condition such as: fever of unknown origin, sepsis, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, infections in immunosuppressed patients and bacteremia. Bloodstream infections are mainly caused by: bacteria, viruses and fungi. The main bacteria that cause bloodstream infections are: Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus, Gram-negative Bacilli and Gram-negative Bacilli non-fermenters. In a blood culture, it is recommended that at least 2 (two) samples of 10 or 20 ml of patient blood be harvested in different punctures before initiation of antibiotic therapy, using antiseptic techniques: (disinfect the puncture site with cotton soaked in alcoholic solution of povidone iodine or iodado alcohol). The blood collected is inoculated in 2 (two) vials; (anaerobic and aerobic) for greater clarity of the results. Patient samples and requests, when they arrive at the Laboratory, are properly identified and are subsequently incubated in automated equipment: (Bact/ALERT VIRTUO, Bact/ALERT 3D and BACTEC 9000). These equipments give alarm whenever there are bottles of positive blood cultures. Positive blood culture vials are removed from the equipment, then sowing and staining by gram method are made. The results of the sowing and gram method are analyzed in the information room and are subsequently forwarded to the identification room and antibiogram. Where less suggestive blood cultures are made, it is only identified bacterial species and the most suggestive; it is identified by the bacterial species and antibiogram, using the following equipment: MALDI-TOF, Microscan WalkAway and Vitek 2 Compact®. The results of sowing, Gram method, identification of bacterial species and antibiogram; are sent more quickly to the Clinician to initiate specific therapy to patients.
Blood culture is an examination that is based on the determination of microorganisms in the bloodstream of patients suspected of an infectious condition such as: fever of unknown origin, sepsis, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, infections in immunosuppressed patients and bacteremia. Bloodstream infections are mainly caused by: bacteria, viruses and fungi. The main bacteria that cause bloodstream infections are: Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus, Gram-negative Bacilli and Gram-negative Bacilli non-fermenters. In a blood culture, it is recommended that at least 2 (two) samples of 10 or 20 ml of patient blood be harvested in different punctures before initiation of antibiotic therapy, using antiseptic techniques: (disinfect the puncture site with cotton soaked in alcoholic solution of povidone iodine or iodado alcohol). The blood collected is inoculated in 2 (two) vials; (anaerobic and aerobic) for greater clarity of the results. Patient samples and requests, when they arrive at the Laboratory, are properly identified and are subsequently incubated in automated equipment: (Bact/ALERT VIRTUO, Bact/ALERT 3D and BACTEC 9000). These equipments give alarm whenever there are bottles of positive blood cultures. Positive blood culture vials are removed from the equipment, then sowing and staining by gram method are made. The results of the sowing and gram method are analyzed in the information room and are subsequently forwarded to the identification room and antibiogram. Where less suggestive blood cultures are made, it is only identified bacterial species and the most suggestive; it is identified by the bacterial species and antibiogram, using the following equipment: MALDI-TOF, Microscan WalkAway and Vitek 2 Compact®. The results of sowing, Gram method, identification of bacterial species and antibiogram; are sent more quickly to the Clinician to initiate specific therapy to patients.
Descrição
Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Microbiologia Clínica e Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2020
Palavras-chave
Hemocultura Técnicas bacteriológicas Microbiologia Doenças transmissíveis emergentes Relatórios de estágio de mestrado - 2020