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A pessoa coletiva ofendida no processo penal : da queixa e constituição de assistente
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Se é certo que o legislador processual penal veio, em Dezembro de 2021, com a Lei n.º 94/2021, legislar sobre algumas das questões que a presença de uma pessoa coletiva (ou pessoa jurídica) no processo penal pode suscitar, a verdade é que apenas se terá dedicado a analisar as pessoas coletivas enquanto arguidas.
Ora, as pessoas coletivas, para além de arguidas, podem também figurar como ofendidas (e, quiçá, vítimas) no processo penal.
Contudo, sem qualquer estipulação legal neste sentido, sem quase nenhum comentário por parte da doutrina, torna-se difícil definir como, quando e até onde poderá a pessoa coletiva desencadear uma ação penal num processo-crime em que esta seja ofendida.
Acreditamos que esta investigação seja uma oportunidade para contribuirmos original e significativamente para o desenvolver deste tema tão essencial.
A nossa esperança é a de que, daqui a uns anos, esta inércia legislativa e o quase silêncio da doutrina já não persista, e que tenhamos uma lei processual penal farta da perspetiva da pessoa coletiva ofendida, para que dúvidas não restem sobre quem tem legitimidade para apresentar a queixa, desistir dessa mesma queixa e, por fim, constituir-se como assistente em crimes nos quais figure como ofendida uma pessoa jurídica.
While it is true that the criminal procedure legislator, in December 2021, with the Law 94/2021, legislated on some of the issues that the presence of a legal person (or legal entity) in criminal proceedings may raise, the truth is that it only analyzed legal persons as defendants. In addition to being defendants, legal persons may also appear as offended parties (and, perhaps, victims) in criminal proceedings. However, without any legal stipulation in this sense, without almost any comment on the part of the doctrine, it becomes abstruse to define how, when and up to where a legal person may initiate criminal proceedings in a criminal case in which it is the offended party. We believe that this research is an opportunity to make an original and significant contribution to the development of this primitive subject. Our hope is that in a few years this legislative and doctrinal inertia will no longer persist, and that we will have a criminal procedural law that is full of the perspective of the offended legal person, so that no doubts remain as to who has the legitimacy to file a complaint, to withdraw that complaint and, finally, to act as an assistant in crimes in which a legal person is the offender.
While it is true that the criminal procedure legislator, in December 2021, with the Law 94/2021, legislated on some of the issues that the presence of a legal person (or legal entity) in criminal proceedings may raise, the truth is that it only analyzed legal persons as defendants. In addition to being defendants, legal persons may also appear as offended parties (and, perhaps, victims) in criminal proceedings. However, without any legal stipulation in this sense, without almost any comment on the part of the doctrine, it becomes abstruse to define how, when and up to where a legal person may initiate criminal proceedings in a criminal case in which it is the offended party. We believe that this research is an opportunity to make an original and significant contribution to the development of this primitive subject. Our hope is that in a few years this legislative and doctrinal inertia will no longer persist, and that we will have a criminal procedural law that is full of the perspective of the offended legal person, so that no doubts remain as to who has the legitimacy to file a complaint, to withdraw that complaint and, finally, to act as an assistant in crimes in which a legal person is the offender.
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Assistente Crime Pessoa colectiva Queixa Vítima Teses de mestrado - 2024 Assistant Crime Collective person Complaint Victim