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O populismo é um fenômeno político que está em ascensão em diversos países. Por isso, torna-se necessário identificar as suas principais características e repercussões na sociedade. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os líderes populistas, os mecanismos e as estratégias empregadas em seus discursos nos diferentes espectros políticos, bem como os impactos sociais do populismo. Com o objetivo de facilitar a compreensão da temática abordada, por meio da metodologia de revisão de literatura bibliográfica, analisa-se cada vertente política em oposição, explorando seus preceitos, objetivos e diferenças. Também se aborda os movimentos extremistas e treze líderes populistas de diferentes nações, averiguando suas retóricas, vinculações partidárias e seus projetos políticos e econômicos. Por conseguinte, é possível concluir que, independentemente do espectro político, os líderes populistas compartilham características e atuações comuns, como a simplificação de problemas complexos, a polarização da sociedade em grupos antagônicos, a adoção de medidas extremistas quando estão no poder, a priorização da comunicação direta com o povo, o discurso emotivo e polarizador, a tentativa de centralização do poder e a retórica de que são os únicos representantes legítimos da vontade popular. No entanto, há diferenças nos objetivos, narrativas e ideologias, que conferem especificidades a cada vertente e resultam em projetos políticos e econômicos distintos. Na perspectiva da direita, prevalecem propostas voltadas ao nacionalismo, à soberania nacional, ao apelo ao cristianismo e aos valores tradicionais. Por outro lado, na política da esquerda, destaca-se a redistribuição econômica, o combate à desigualdade, a retórica anti-imperialista e a nacionalização de setores estratégicos. Destarte, a presente dissertação proporciona uma compreensão aprofundada sobre o populismo, suas implicações políticas, econômicas e sociais.
Populism is a political phenomenon on the rise in various countries. Therefore, it is necessary to identify its main characteristics and societal repercussions. This dissertation aims to analyze populist leaders, the mechanisms and strategies employed in their speeches across different political spectrums, as well as the social impacts of populism. To facilitate understanding of the addressed topic, a bibliographic literature review methodology is utilized, analyzing each opposing political strand by exploring their principles, objectives, and differences.The study also addresses extremist movements and thirteen populist leaders from different nations, examining their rhetoric, party affiliations, and some of their political and economic projects. Consequently, it is possible to conclude that, regardless of the political spectrum, populist leaders share common characteristics and actions, such as simplifying complex problems, polarizing society into antagonistic groups, adopting extremist measures when in power, prioritizing direct communication with the people, employing emotive and polarizing discourse, attempting to centralize power, and asserting that they are the sole legitimate representatives of the popular will.However, there are differences in objectives, narratives, and ideologies that confer specificities to each strand, resulting in distinct political and economic projects. From the right-wing perspective, proposals focused on nationalism, national sovereignty, appeals to Christianity, and traditional values prevail. On the other hand, left-wing politics emphasize economic redistribution, combating inequality, anti-imperialist rhetoric, and the nationalization of strategic sectors. Thus, this dissertation provides an in-depth understanding of populism and its political, economic, and social implications.
Populism is a political phenomenon on the rise in various countries. Therefore, it is necessary to identify its main characteristics and societal repercussions. This dissertation aims to analyze populist leaders, the mechanisms and strategies employed in their speeches across different political spectrums, as well as the social impacts of populism. To facilitate understanding of the addressed topic, a bibliographic literature review methodology is utilized, analyzing each opposing political strand by exploring their principles, objectives, and differences.The study also addresses extremist movements and thirteen populist leaders from different nations, examining their rhetoric, party affiliations, and some of their political and economic projects. Consequently, it is possible to conclude that, regardless of the political spectrum, populist leaders share common characteristics and actions, such as simplifying complex problems, polarizing society into antagonistic groups, adopting extremist measures when in power, prioritizing direct communication with the people, employing emotive and polarizing discourse, attempting to centralize power, and asserting that they are the sole legitimate representatives of the popular will.However, there are differences in objectives, narratives, and ideologies that confer specificities to each strand, resulting in distinct political and economic projects. From the right-wing perspective, proposals focused on nationalism, national sovereignty, appeals to Christianity, and traditional values prevail. On the other hand, left-wing politics emphasize economic redistribution, combating inequality, anti-imperialist rhetoric, and the nationalization of strategic sectors. Thus, this dissertation provides an in-depth understanding of populism and its political, economic, and social implications.
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Populismo Discurso ideológico Movimentos extremistas Teses de mestrado - 2025 Populism Populist discourse Extremist movements
