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Resumo(s)
A investigação relativa à ansiedade e fluxo (=flow) nos músicos é vasta, dado o impacto
que estes têm na qualidade da performance e bem-estar dos músicos. Carece, no entanto, uma
perspetiva temporal mais abrangente que explore como estes estados variam e se relacionam
ao longo do processo musical, bem como quais as estratégias de controlo já utilizadas pelos
músicos. Este estudo recorre a uma abordagem qualitativa, com suporte de dados quantitativos.
Nomeadamente, foram analisadas tematicamente entrevistas realizadas a estudantes do ensino
superior e jovens profissionais de música erudita, atendendo em particular às características
dos estados psicológicos nos vários momentos e às estratégias em utilização em cada um deles.
As escalas e os questionários K-MPAI e DSF-2 foram utilizados de forma a triangular e
complementar a informação recolhida nas entrevistas.
Desta análise emergiram três temas principais: Caracterização, Condicionantes e
Estratégias que, em conjunto com os resultados da análise quantitativa, permitiram demonstrar
como o controlo dos estados psicológicos ao longo do tempo engloba diversas particularidades.
Nomeadamente, não só a ansiedade e o fluxo apresentam diversas intensidades e características
específicas aos momentos temporais, como existem ainda fatores relativos ao próprio músico,
aos outros, à situação e à tarefa que condicionam a manifestação dos estados psicológicos.
Todos os participantes utilizam diversas estratégias para controlo principalmente da ansiedade,
mas também do fluxo, tendo as estratégias preventivas um importante papel. Este estudo
suportou a relação proposta entre a ansiedade e o fluxo. Estes resultados enriquecem a literatura
sobre a experiência de fluxo e ansiedade, ajudando a identificar considerações relevantes para
o contexto clínico, educação e performance musical, no que se refere à diminuição de estados
negativos e promoção de estados positivos que fomentem a resiliência psicológica.
Research on anxiety and flow is vast, given the impact that these have on musician’s performance quality and well-being. It lacks, however, a broader temporal perspective that explores how these states vary and relate throughout the musical process, as well as which control strategies are already being used by musicians. This research relies on a qualitative approach, with quantitative data support. Interviews carried out with erudite college students and young professionals were thematically analysed, considering, in particular, the characteristics of psychological states at various times and the strategies used in each of them. The K-MPAI and DSF-2 questionnaires and rating-scales were used in order to triangulate and complement the information collected in the interviews. From this analysis, three main themes emerged: Characterization, Constraints and Strategies which, together with the quantitative data analysis results, allowed to demonstrate how the control of psychological states over time encompasses several particularities. Namely, not only anxiety and flow have different intensities and characteristics specific to the various temporal moments, as there are also factors related to the musician himself, others, the situation and to the task that restrain the manifestation of these psychological states. All participants use different strategies to control mainly anxiety, but also flow, with preventive strategies playing an important role. This study also supported the proposed relationship between anxiety and flow. These results enrich the literature on the experience of flow and anxiety, helping to identify practical considerations for the clinical context and for music education and performance, regarding the decrease of negative states and the promotion of positive states that foster psychological resilience.
Research on anxiety and flow is vast, given the impact that these have on musician’s performance quality and well-being. It lacks, however, a broader temporal perspective that explores how these states vary and relate throughout the musical process, as well as which control strategies are already being used by musicians. This research relies on a qualitative approach, with quantitative data support. Interviews carried out with erudite college students and young professionals were thematically analysed, considering, in particular, the characteristics of psychological states at various times and the strategies used in each of them. The K-MPAI and DSF-2 questionnaires and rating-scales were used in order to triangulate and complement the information collected in the interviews. From this analysis, three main themes emerged: Characterization, Constraints and Strategies which, together with the quantitative data analysis results, allowed to demonstrate how the control of psychological states over time encompasses several particularities. Namely, not only anxiety and flow have different intensities and characteristics specific to the various temporal moments, as there are also factors related to the musician himself, others, the situation and to the task that restrain the manifestation of these psychological states. All participants use different strategies to control mainly anxiety, but also flow, with preventive strategies playing an important role. This study also supported the proposed relationship between anxiety and flow. These results enrich the literature on the experience of flow and anxiety, helping to identify practical considerations for the clinical context and for music education and performance, regarding the decrease of negative states and the promotion of positive states that foster psychological resilience.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia Cognitivo-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2021
Palavras-chave
Ansiedade Perspetiva temporal Estudantes universitários Performance musical Dissertações de mestrado - 2021
