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O Emirado Islâmico do Afeganistão e os seus interesses geopolíticos e geoestratégicos regionais
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O ano de 2021 ficou marcado por um dos mais importantes passos políticos das últimas décadas: a saída dos militares norte-americanos do Afeganistão, bem como a consequente retomada do poder afegão por parte do Talibã. A rápida vitória política e militar do movimento islâmico, chocou o sistema das relações internacionais e a arquitetura de poder e segurança no âmbito regional. Destarte, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo fulcral analisar os interesses geopolíticos e geoestratégicos regionais frente ao atual e futuro desafio implementado pelo novo Governo afegão. Tomando como base os arcabouços teóricos e analíticos da Teoria Neorrealista das Relações Internacionais e da Geopolítica Aplicada, objetivou-se por elencar os seguintes temas específicos: i. descrever de forma sistematizada o(s) contexto(s) histórico(s) e geopolítico(s) do Afeganistão; ii. explicar a origem, os objetivos e os interesses do Talibã; iii. perspectivar os interesses geopolíticos da Rússia e da China no flanco regional com o novo regime do Talibã no poder do Afeganistão. Além disso, a pesquisadora utilizar-se-á de fontes primárias e secundárias para cumprir as metas propostas. Por fim, passado o primeiro ano de governação Talibã, o estudo concluiu o quão difícil está a ser para o mesmo se enquadrar nessa nova dinâmica do sistema internacional e que apesar do mesmo se colocar pronto para o diálogo internacional, no âmbito nacional nada ou pouco mudou em relação ao seu primeiro Governo, tornando difícil uma relação mais duradoura e menos conflituosa perante a sociedade regional e global desses novos tempos.
The year 2021 was marked by one of the most important political steps in recent decades: the departure of the US military from Afghanistan, as well as the consequent resumption of Afghan power by the Taliban. The rapid political and military victory of the Islamic movement shocked the system of international relations and the architecture of power and security at the regional level. Thus, the main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the regional geopolitical and geostrategic interests facing the current and future challenge implemented by the new Afghan Government. Based on the theoretical and analytical frameworks of the Neorealist Theory of International Relations and Applied Geopolitics, the objective was to list the following specific themes: i. describe in a systematic way the historical and geopolitical context(s) of Afghanistan; ii. explain the Taliban's origin, goals and interests; iii. to put the geopolitical interests of Russia and China into perspective on the regional flank with the new Taliban regime in power in Afghanistan. In addition, the researcher will use primary and secondary sources to fulfill the proposed goals. Finally, after the first year of Taliban rule, the study concluded how difficult it is for the Taliban to fit into this new dynamic of the international system and that despite the fact that it is ready for international dialogue, at the national level nothing or little changed in relation to its first government, making a more lasting and less conflicting relationship with the regional and global society of these new times difficult.
The year 2021 was marked by one of the most important political steps in recent decades: the departure of the US military from Afghanistan, as well as the consequent resumption of Afghan power by the Taliban. The rapid political and military victory of the Islamic movement shocked the system of international relations and the architecture of power and security at the regional level. Thus, the main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the regional geopolitical and geostrategic interests facing the current and future challenge implemented by the new Afghan Government. Based on the theoretical and analytical frameworks of the Neorealist Theory of International Relations and Applied Geopolitics, the objective was to list the following specific themes: i. describe in a systematic way the historical and geopolitical context(s) of Afghanistan; ii. explain the Taliban's origin, goals and interests; iii. to put the geopolitical interests of Russia and China into perspective on the regional flank with the new Taliban regime in power in Afghanistan. In addition, the researcher will use primary and secondary sources to fulfill the proposed goals. Finally, after the first year of Taliban rule, the study concluded how difficult it is for the Taliban to fit into this new dynamic of the international system and that despite the fact that it is ready for international dialogue, at the national level nothing or little changed in relation to its first government, making a more lasting and less conflicting relationship with the regional and global society of these new times difficult.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Relações Internacionais
Palavras-chave
Afeganistão; Talibã; interesses geopolíticos e geoestratégicos; China; Rússia; Afghanistan; Taliban; geopolitical and geostrategic interests; China; Russia.