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A transição para a parentalidade no contexto da covid-19 : uma revisão sistemática
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A 11 de Março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde declarou a pandemia COVID-19, e dado o elevado nível de transmissão do coronavírus, diversas medidas foram tomadas. Com o aparecimento de novos desafios, os indivíduos que experienciam a transição para a parentalidade podem tornar-se mais vulneráveis. Assim, esta fase de transição, associada à complexidade de um contexto pandémico, pode constituir um fator de risco para a sua saúde mental. O presente estudo é uma revisão sistemática sobre o impacto da COVID-19 nas experiências psicológicas de pais e mães durante a transição para a parentalidade. Pretendeu-se compreender esta etapa do ciclo vital familiar num contexto atípico, procurando identificar fatores que influenciaram a sua saúde mental. Foram identificados 1029 estudos em duas bases de dados. Após a análise dos respetivos estudos um total de 75, publicados de 2020 a 2021, foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. À luz da perspetiva sistémica, os resultados foram agrupados em três níveis: individual, parental e familiar e social. Foi possível identificar o impacto negativo da pandemia tendo sido discutidos múltiplos desafios a nível individual, nomeadamente a intolerância à incerteza. A nível parental as restrições, stress, ansiedade e depressão tiveram um impacto negativo no estabelecimento da vinculação. Adicionalmente, a nível familiar e social, verificou-se que a coesão familiar, o elevado apoio social e satisfação conjugal, foram considerados fatores promotores da saúde mental. Assim, salienta-se que as relações sociais podem ser a chave para prosperar em contextos de adversidade, como é o caso da pandemia COVID-19.
On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the high level of coronavirus transmission, several measures were undertaken. With the emergence of these new challenges parents have become more vulnerable, which in association with the complexity of a pandemic context, can be a risk factor for their mental health. This study is a systematic review about the impact of COVID-19 on parents’ psychological experiences during the transition to parenthood. Thus, it aimed to understand this stage of the family life cycle in an atypical context, seeking to identify factors that influenced parents’ mental health. 1029 studies were identified in two databases. After analyzing the respective studies, a total of 75 studies published from 2020 to 2021, were included in this systematic review. Considering the systemic perspective, the results were grouped in three categories: individual, parental, and family and societal levels. It was possible to identify the negative impact of the pandemic, where multiple challenges were discussed at an individual level, including intolerance to uncertainty. At a parental level, restrictions, stress, anxiety, and depression had a negative impact on the establishment of attachment. Additionally, at a family and social level, factors such as family cohesion, high social support and marital satisfaction were found to promote mental health. Social relationships can be an important key to prosper in a context of adversity, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the high level of coronavirus transmission, several measures were undertaken. With the emergence of these new challenges parents have become more vulnerable, which in association with the complexity of a pandemic context, can be a risk factor for their mental health. This study is a systematic review about the impact of COVID-19 on parents’ psychological experiences during the transition to parenthood. Thus, it aimed to understand this stage of the family life cycle in an atypical context, seeking to identify factors that influenced parents’ mental health. 1029 studies were identified in two databases. After analyzing the respective studies, a total of 75 studies published from 2020 to 2021, were included in this systematic review. Considering the systemic perspective, the results were grouped in three categories: individual, parental, and family and societal levels. It was possible to identify the negative impact of the pandemic, where multiple challenges were discussed at an individual level, including intolerance to uncertainty. At a parental level, restrictions, stress, anxiety, and depression had a negative impact on the establishment of attachment. Additionally, at a family and social level, factors such as family cohesion, high social support and marital satisfaction were found to promote mental health. Social relationships can be an important key to prosper in a context of adversity, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica Sistémica – Contextos Familiar, Comunitário e Forense), 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Pandemia Covid-19 Parentalidade Relação pais-bebé Apoio social Apoio familiar Dissertações de mestrado - 2022