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Publicação
A Diplomacia Pública Anticorrupção: uma análise comparativa
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A corrupção impacta o desenvolvimento sustentável, gerando consequências económicas e político-sociais para a sociedade global. A diplomacia pública afigura-se relevante nesta área porque promove interações internacionais entre agentes estatais e não estatais. Contudo, a diplomacia pública anticorrupção ainda é um conceito pouco explorado e compreendido. Com uma ontologia anti-fundacionalista, uma epistemologia interpretativista e uma perspetiva sócioconstrutivista das relações internacionais, esta investigação, de forma inovadora, explicita este conceito utilizando os métodos de revisão bibliográfica estruturada, de intersecção por matriz e de tridimensionalismo conceptual. O argumento é de que a diplomacia pública anticorrupção transcende a função de um mero instrumento de política externa, configurando um processo interativo e bidirecional que molda e é moldado internacionalmente pela identidade do Estado.
Através da socialização internacional, os Estados adotam esta norma como parte da identidade nacional, influenciam e redefinem normas e práticas globais, englobando uma extensa rede de agentes estatais e não estatais. A comparação entre Dinamarca, Nova Zelândia, Estados Unidos e Coreia do Sul permitiu extrair generalizações contingentes sobre o processo de diplomacia pública anticorrupção, focando em elementos como identidades, interesses, agentes, vínculos de representação, atividades, e fatores materiais, imateriais e ideacionais. Apesar da diversidade de objetivos, variando ao sabor de identidades e interesses estatais, existe um certo grau de previsibilidade nessas dinâmicas. A diplomacia pública anticorrupção emerge como uma ferramenta crucial para promover a norma global anticorrupção e redefinir práticas internacionais, com uma perspetiva estratégica que reflete a capacidade dos Estados de mobilizar diferentes recursos. Os resultados sugerem que a abordagem processual da diplomacia pública anticorrupção favorece a disseminação de valores e fortalece a norma coletiva anticorrupção, ao criar uma ponte entre as dimensões doméstica e internacional, facilitando a compreensão mútua entre variados agentes. Assim, promove interações que podem beneficiar não apenas a luta anticorrupção, mas também os interesses dos Estados.
Corruption impacts sustainable development and leads economic and socio-political consequences for global society. The significance of public diplomacy in the fight against corruption lies in its ability to foster international interactions between state and non-state actors. However, anticorruption public diplomacy remains an underexplored and not fully understood concept. With an anti-foundationalist ontology, interpretivist epistemology, and a socio-constructivist perspective on international relations, this research innovatively clarifies this concept using methods such as structured literature review, matrix intersection, and conceptual three-dimensionalism. The argument is that anticorruption public diplomacy transcends the function of a mere foreign policy instrument, constituting an interactive and bidirectional process that both shapes and is shaped internationally by states’s identities. Through international socialization, states adopt this norm as part of their national identity, influencing and redefining global norms and practices, encompassing a vast network of state and non-state actors. The comparison between Denmark, New Zealand, the United States, and South Korea resulted on contingent generalizations about the anticorruption public diplomacy process focusing identities, interests, agents and representation ties, activities, and initiatives, as well as material, immaterial, and ideational factors. Despite the diversity of objectives, varying with state identities and interests, there is a certain degree of predictability in these dynamics. Public anti-corruption diplomacy emerges as a crucial tool for promoting the global anti-corruption norm and redefining international practices, with a strategic perspective reflecting the capacity of states to mobilize different resources. The results suggest that the procedural approach of public anti-corruption diplomacy favors the dissemination of values and strengthens the collective anti-corruption norm by creating a bridge between domestic and international dimensions, facilitating mutual understanding among various agents. In this way, it promotes interactions that can not only favor the fight against corruption but also align with national interests.
Corruption impacts sustainable development and leads economic and socio-political consequences for global society. The significance of public diplomacy in the fight against corruption lies in its ability to foster international interactions between state and non-state actors. However, anticorruption public diplomacy remains an underexplored and not fully understood concept. With an anti-foundationalist ontology, interpretivist epistemology, and a socio-constructivist perspective on international relations, this research innovatively clarifies this concept using methods such as structured literature review, matrix intersection, and conceptual three-dimensionalism. The argument is that anticorruption public diplomacy transcends the function of a mere foreign policy instrument, constituting an interactive and bidirectional process that both shapes and is shaped internationally by states’s identities. Through international socialization, states adopt this norm as part of their national identity, influencing and redefining global norms and practices, encompassing a vast network of state and non-state actors. The comparison between Denmark, New Zealand, the United States, and South Korea resulted on contingent generalizations about the anticorruption public diplomacy process focusing identities, interests, agents and representation ties, activities, and initiatives, as well as material, immaterial, and ideational factors. Despite the diversity of objectives, varying with state identities and interests, there is a certain degree of predictability in these dynamics. Public anti-corruption diplomacy emerges as a crucial tool for promoting the global anti-corruption norm and redefining international practices, with a strategic perspective reflecting the capacity of states to mobilize different resources. The results suggest that the procedural approach of public anti-corruption diplomacy favors the dissemination of values and strengthens the collective anti-corruption norm by creating a bridge between domestic and international dimensions, facilitating mutual understanding among various agents. In this way, it promotes interactions that can not only favor the fight against corruption but also align with national interests.
Descrição
Tese especialmente elaborada para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Relações Internacionais
Palavras-chave
diplomacia pública anticorrupção; Dinamarca; Nova Zelândia; Estados Unidos; Coreia do Sul; anticorruption public diplomacy; Denmark; New Zealand; United States; South Korea.