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O impacto das medidas de combate ao terrorismo na vida privada do cidadão : em especial, o conflito entre liberdade e segurança
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Embora não seja uma realidade de criação recente e ainda não tenha sido possível encontrar uma definição para este fenómeno que seja aceite pela comunidade internacional, o terrorismo é, sem dúvida, um dos grandes problemas da actualidade, originando, designadamente, a destabilização dos Governos, a perturbação da paz e da segurança internacionais e a violação dos direitos à vida e à integridade física das populações. Desta forma, é necessário um plano de acção por parte dos Estados que abranja não só a prevenção de ataques mas também a punição dos terroristas.
Para evitar excessos aquando da adopção de medidas de combate ao terrorismo, isto é, a criação de medidas que não respeitam os direitos dos indivíduos, esta operação deve ser precedida por uma avaliação da conformidade de cada medida com o princípio da proporcionalidade, analisando-se se a medida é adequada ao fim que se pretende atingir, se não há uma outra medida menos lesiva para os direitos e liberdades do indivíduo que possibilite a obtenção daquele mesmo fim e se aquela medida é considerada equilibrada, no contexto de uma avaliação entre os benefícios que serão obtidos e os custos que terão de ser suportados em virtude da sua adopção.
Contudo, na prática, e sobretudo desde o ataque terrorista de 11 de Setembro de 2001, a luta contra o terrorismo tem-se traduzido, por vezes, na adopção de medidas que implicam violações dos direitos dos indivíduos, tanto da população em geral como dos suspeitos da prática de actos terroristas, designadamente ao nível da União Europeia e dos Estados Unidos da América, como aliás acabou por ser reconhecido por tribunais superiores.
É importante reter que a luta contra o terrorismo deve ser conjugada com o cumprimento das obrigações a que os Estados estão sujeitos a nível internacional, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos direitos humanos.
Despite the fact that it’s not a recently created reality and that so far it hasn’t been possible to find a definition for this phenomenon that the international community can agree on, terrorism is, without a doubt, one of the most serious problems of our days, giving rise, for instance, to the destabilization of Governments, the disturbance of international peace and security and the violation of the populations’ rights to life and to physical integrity. Thus, States must create a plan of action that includes not only the prevention of attacks but also the punishment of terrorists. In order to avoid excesses while adopting counter-terrorism measures, that is, the creation of measures that don’t respect the individuals’ rights, this operation should be preceded by an evaluation of the conformity of each measure with the principle of proportionality. This means we should analyze whether the measure in question is suitable to the aim we want to achieve, whether there isn’t any other measure less damaging to the individual’s rights and liberties that can provide the achievement of that aim and whether the measure is considered to be balanced, in the context of an evaluation between the benefits to be obtained and the costs to be endured because of its adoption. However, in practice, and especially after the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, the fight against terrorism has resulted, sometimes, in the adoption of measures that involve violations to the individuals’ rights, both the population in general and people suspected of the practice of terrorist acts, for instance in the European Union and in the United States of America, as it was recognized by superior courts. It’s important to keep in mind that the fight against terrorism should be combined with the respect for the obligations that the States are subjected to on an international level, especially when it comes to human rights
Despite the fact that it’s not a recently created reality and that so far it hasn’t been possible to find a definition for this phenomenon that the international community can agree on, terrorism is, without a doubt, one of the most serious problems of our days, giving rise, for instance, to the destabilization of Governments, the disturbance of international peace and security and the violation of the populations’ rights to life and to physical integrity. Thus, States must create a plan of action that includes not only the prevention of attacks but also the punishment of terrorists. In order to avoid excesses while adopting counter-terrorism measures, that is, the creation of measures that don’t respect the individuals’ rights, this operation should be preceded by an evaluation of the conformity of each measure with the principle of proportionality. This means we should analyze whether the measure in question is suitable to the aim we want to achieve, whether there isn’t any other measure less damaging to the individual’s rights and liberties that can provide the achievement of that aim and whether the measure is considered to be balanced, in the context of an evaluation between the benefits to be obtained and the costs to be endured because of its adoption. However, in practice, and especially after the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, the fight against terrorism has resulted, sometimes, in the adoption of measures that involve violations to the individuals’ rights, both the population in general and people suspected of the practice of terrorist acts, for instance in the European Union and in the United States of America, as it was recognized by superior courts. It’s important to keep in mind that the fight against terrorism should be combined with the respect for the obligations that the States are subjected to on an international level, especially when it comes to human rights
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Direito internacional Terrorismo Segurança Liberdade Direitos humanos Teses de mestrado - 2018