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O estatuto do direito de oposição nas autarquias locais
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A ordem jurídica portuguesa é uma das poucas no mundo que, no plano das Autarquias Locais, adopta um modelo em que a par da consagração constitucional de um direito da oposição existe um desenvolvimento por via de uma lei ordinária especificamente dedicada a este aspecto (Lei n.º 24/98, de 26 de Maio). Assim, devido a esta originalidade e tendo em conta a reduzida análise da questão pela doutrina, a nossa investigação incide sobre o Estatuto do Direito de Oposição no plano das Autarquias Locais.
Começamos pela defesa da essencialidade do elemento respeitante à existência de órgãos representativos democraticamente eleitos (como elemento constitutivo chave do conceito de Autarquia Local) e da oposição política como actividade de acompanhamento, fiscalização e crítica do poder associada a uma dimensão de governo alternativo.
Depois, consideraremos os antecedentes históricos do actual modelo direito de oposição nas Autarquias Locais portuguesas (demonstrando que a oposição política no plano das Autarquias Locais é, no essencial, uma realidade do Portugal democrático construído no pós- 25 de Abril de 1974 e procurando explicar o porquê da originalidade deste modelo em Portugal).
Finalmente, e após a análise da consagração constitucional do direito de oposição, concluiremos a investigação procurando analisar, discutir e criticar esta importante Lei n.º 24/98, exaltando a sua importância para o aprofundamento da democracia local em Portugal, sublinhando a necessidade de assegurar o seu efectivo respeito na prática e alertando para a necessidade, após quase 20 anos de consulado desta lei, de um conjunto de alterações e actualizações necessárias que se traduziriam num aprofundamento da democracia local e num papel mais claro, activo e efectivo da oposição no plano das Autarquias Locais.
The Portuguese legal system is one of the few in the world that, at local government level, adopts a model in which, jointly with a constitutional acknowledgment of an opposition right, there is a development through an ordinary law specifically dedicated to this aspect (Law no. 24/98, of 26 May). Therefore, due to this originality and taking into account the reduced analysis of the question by the doctrine, our investigation focuses on the statute of the opposition right in the local government. Beginning with the defense of the essentiality of the element regarding the existence of democratically elected representative bodies (as a crucial constitutive element of the local government) and of the political opposition as an activity of monitoring, supervising and criticising of the power associated with an alternative government dimension. After this, we will also analyze the historical background of the current model of the opposition right in the portuguese local government (demonstrating that the political opposition in the Local government level is, essentially, a reality of the democratic Portugal built on the post-25 of April of 1974 and explaining the reason behind of the originality of this current model in Portugal). Finally, after examining the constitutional acknowledgment of the opposition right, we will conclude this investigation by analyzing, discussing and criticizing this important Law no. 24/98, extolling its importance for the deepening of local democracy in Portugal, underlining the need to ensure their effective respect in practice, and alerting to the need, after almost 20 years under it application, for a set of necessary changes and updates that would translate into a deepening of local democracy and a clearer, more active and effective role of the opposition in the local government level.
The Portuguese legal system is one of the few in the world that, at local government level, adopts a model in which, jointly with a constitutional acknowledgment of an opposition right, there is a development through an ordinary law specifically dedicated to this aspect (Law no. 24/98, of 26 May). Therefore, due to this originality and taking into account the reduced analysis of the question by the doctrine, our investigation focuses on the statute of the opposition right in the local government. Beginning with the defense of the essentiality of the element regarding the existence of democratically elected representative bodies (as a crucial constitutive element of the local government) and of the political opposition as an activity of monitoring, supervising and criticising of the power associated with an alternative government dimension. After this, we will also analyze the historical background of the current model of the opposition right in the portuguese local government (demonstrating that the political opposition in the Local government level is, essentially, a reality of the democratic Portugal built on the post-25 of April of 1974 and explaining the reason behind of the originality of this current model in Portugal). Finally, after examining the constitutional acknowledgment of the opposition right, we will conclude this investigation by analyzing, discussing and criticizing this important Law no. 24/98, extolling its importance for the deepening of local democracy in Portugal, underlining the need to ensure their effective respect in practice, and alerting to the need, after almost 20 years under it application, for a set of necessary changes and updates that would translate into a deepening of local democracy and a clearer, more active and effective role of the opposition in the local government level.
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Palavras-chave
Direito administrativo Poder local Autarquias locais Direito de oposição Democracia Teses de mestrado - 2018