A carregar...
Publicação
Melhoria da eficiência energética através de mecanismos de feedback: caso do consumo de energia elétrica nas habitações
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.31 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A eficiência energética, como forma de redução dos consumos, em diferentes contextos, tem resultado no aumento das necessidades (maior conforto e conveniência) culminando no efeito contrário ao desejado. A forma de implementar este conceito tem sido experimentada através de diferentes políticas, normalmente mais focadas na tecnologia do que nos comportamentos. No entanto, a Comissão Europeia aponta hoje para novas linhas de desenvolvimento dos processos de mitigação dos impactos ambientais decorrentes do uso excessivo dos recursos, sublinhando a importância dos comportamentos para o sucesso da Eficiência Energética. A filosofia das cidades inteligentes defende que, através do cidadão inteligente e da sua participação na gestão dos processos e consumo das cidades, estas se tornem gradualmente mais funcionais e sustentáveis. Assim é importante informar e educar o cidadão de forma a torná-lo mais proativo e agir de forma consciente relativamente à gestão da energia que consome e aos problemas ambientais inerentes. No contexto do consumo elétrico doméstico, considera-se como potencial ferramenta de estímulo à aprendizagem e responsabilização pelas suas decisões, o feedback prestado relativamente aos seus consumos. Para além de o levar a perceber como consome em sua casa, poderá permitir que esteja mais atento aos consumos praticados por si e por outros, noutros contextos, por exemplo espaços públicos. O caso de estudo aqui analisado foi desenvolvido pela Agência de Energia Lisboa E_Nova através da instalação de contadores inteligentes e acompanhamento de 250 habitações participantes do projeto. Este permitiu testar a eficácia de alguns mecanismos de feedback aplicados. Detetou-se que, para além da necessidade de instalação de smart meters como ferramenta para aquisição de dados de consumo contínuos, os consumidores necessitam de mecanismos que os motivem na procura e persistência de novos comportamentos adquiridos. Estes mecanismos passam por apoios que devem ser personalizados e frequentes bem como por mecanismos sociais como a competição.
Energy efficiency, as a way to reduce consumption, in different contexts, has resulted in increased needs (greater comfort and convenience) leading to an undesired opposite effect. Different approaches have been tested as a way to implement this concept. These have been mainly focosed on technology rather than behavior. However, new routes of mitigation of environmental impacts resulted by resources abuse, is being adopted by European Commission. Behaviors are now seen as a key to Energy Efficiency success through smart city concept. This aims to gradually become more functional and sustainable, through smart citizen’s participation in city’s processes and consumption management. Through education, people become more concious and proactive in improving their energy management and awareness of the impact on the environment. Regarding domestic electric consumption, feedback has a potencial to provide the means for increasing knowledge and responsibility of their decisions. Beyond learning about their household electrical consumption, citizens can become more aware of consumption in other contexts, as public spaces. Lisboa E_Nova Agency provided the use case of smart meters instalation in 250 households and the aplication of different iniciatives in order to reduce their consumption. These iniciatives allowed the test of eficacy of feedback mecanisms in behavior change and consumption decrease. During this study, it become clear that, a set of initiatives have to acompany the instalation of smart meters, in order to promote persistant behavior change. Customized and frequent supports, as well as social mecanisms like competition, were distinguished as positive iniciatives regarding the intended goal.
Energy efficiency, as a way to reduce consumption, in different contexts, has resulted in increased needs (greater comfort and convenience) leading to an undesired opposite effect. Different approaches have been tested as a way to implement this concept. These have been mainly focosed on technology rather than behavior. However, new routes of mitigation of environmental impacts resulted by resources abuse, is being adopted by European Commission. Behaviors are now seen as a key to Energy Efficiency success through smart city concept. This aims to gradually become more functional and sustainable, through smart citizen’s participation in city’s processes and consumption management. Through education, people become more concious and proactive in improving their energy management and awareness of the impact on the environment. Regarding domestic electric consumption, feedback has a potencial to provide the means for increasing knowledge and responsibility of their decisions. Beyond learning about their household electrical consumption, citizens can become more aware of consumption in other contexts, as public spaces. Lisboa E_Nova Agency provided the use case of smart meters instalation in 250 households and the aplication of different iniciatives in order to reduce their consumption. These iniciatives allowed the test of eficacy of feedback mecanisms in behavior change and consumption decrease. During this study, it become clear that, a set of initiatives have to acompany the instalation of smart meters, in order to promote persistant behavior change. Customized and frequent supports, as well as social mecanisms like competition, were distinguished as positive iniciatives regarding the intended goal.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2015
Palavras-chave
Eficiência energética Consumo elétrico Monitorização Feedback Comportamentos Motivação Participação Envolvimento Smart meters Teses de mestrado - 2015