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O impacte do uso indevido de antibióticos sobre a água
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Resumo(s)
O objectivo desta revisão bibliográfica é perceber de que forma os antibióticos podem atingir o ambiente aquático e que efeitos podem surgir devido a essa contaminação. Os antibióticos são fármacos muito importantes tanto a nível humano como animal, mas o seu uso inadequado pode levar à sua ocorrência em vários locais por via de diversas fontes. A agricultura, o uso doméstico, o uso hospitalar, a aquacultura e a indústria podem difundir antibióticos no meio aquático incluindo a água superficial, água subterrânea e a água para consumo humano. A ocorrência destes fármacos no ambiente pode variar consoante a estação do ano e também consoante os hábitos de uso de cada país. Segundo alguns dados recolhidos, existe a suspeita que os antibióticos presentes na água podem ser um factor importante na criação de bactérias resistentes a antibióticos, assim como, alterar características de alguns seres-vivos marinhos podendo ter um efeito nefasto no ecossistema aquático.
The main point of this bibliographic review is to understand how antibiotics can reach the aquatic environment and what effects can arise due to that contamination. Antibiotics are very important drugs for humans and animals, but the inappropriate use of them may lead to the occurrence of those drugs in many places and in different ways. Agriculture, households use, hospital use, aquaculture and industry can diffuse antibiotics in the aquatic environment including the surface water, groundwater and drinking water. The occurrence of these drugs in the environment may vary according to the season of the year and also the habits of each country. According to some collected data, it is suspected that antibiotics presents in water may be an important factor in the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as well as, changing some characteristics from marine organisms which may have a malign effect in the aquatic ecosystem.
The main point of this bibliographic review is to understand how antibiotics can reach the aquatic environment and what effects can arise due to that contamination. Antibiotics are very important drugs for humans and animals, but the inappropriate use of them may lead to the occurrence of those drugs in many places and in different ways. Agriculture, households use, hospital use, aquaculture and industry can diffuse antibiotics in the aquatic environment including the surface water, groundwater and drinking water. The occurrence of these drugs in the environment may vary according to the season of the year and also the habits of each country. According to some collected data, it is suspected that antibiotics presents in water may be an important factor in the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as well as, changing some characteristics from marine organisms which may have a malign effect in the aquatic ecosystem.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2013
Palavras-chave
Antibióticos Ambiente aquático Efeitos Fontes Ocorrência Mestrado Integrado - 2013