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Ser pai e ser mãe : envolvimento e estilos parentais no período de latência
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Resumo(s)
O presente estudo foca o envolvimento parental (cuidados, disponibilidade, presença e disciplina) e os estilos educativos parentais (autoritário, democrático, permissivo), considerando grupos de pais e mães. Pretendeu-se: (1) averiguar se há diferenças entre pais e mães no envolvimento e nos estilos parentais; (2) analisar a relação entre as duas dimensões (em cada grupo); (3) analisar a sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas (nível educacional, número de filhos e religiosidade). Participaram neste estudo 75 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos (dependentes), pais (n = 35) e mães (n = 35) da mesma criança. A média de idades das crianças-alvo foi 8.06 (DP = 2.03). Utilizou-se a Escala de Envolvimento Paterno (respondida por pais e mães), uma versão reduzida do Questionário de Estilos e Dimensões Parentais, e um Questionário Demográfico para recolha de informação acerca dos pais e das crianças-alvo. Os resultados mostraram que as mães apresentaram um maior envolvimento parental (cuidados, disponibilidade e presença) e um maior recurso ao estilo democrático, comparativamente com os pais. No caso das mães, o envolvimento não se relacionou com os estilos parentais, mas no caso dos pais ocorreram associações positivas dos estilos democrático e permissivo com o envolvimento (respetivamente, subescalas cuidados e presença, e cuidados) e uma associação tendencial do estilo autoritário com a subescala disciplina. Por último, verificaram-se associações das variáveis sociodemográficas consideradas, quer com o envolvimento (com exceção do número de filhos no caso dos pais), quer com os estilos parentais (com exceção do nível educacional em ambos os grupos e da religiosidade no grupo de mães), ainda que tenham ocorrido variações em dimensões específicas conforme o grupo. Os resultados dão um contributo para aprofundar o estudo do envolvimento nos cuidados e educação dos filhos e dos estilos educativos, considerando o par parental, em particular a relação entre estas dimensões, ainda insuficientemente pesquisada.
The present study focuses on the parental involvement (care, availability, presence and discipline) and parenting styles (authoritarian, democratic and permissive) of groups of mothers and fathers. The aims were: (1) to determine whether there are differences between fathers and mothers in involvement and parenting styles; (2) to analyze the relationship between the two dimensions (in each group); (3) to analyze their relationship with the sociodemographic variables (schooling, number of children and religiosity). The participants in this study, 75 individuals, were divided into two groups (dependent), fathers (n = 35) and mothers (n = 35) of the same child. The mean age of the target-children was 8.06 years (SD = 2.03). The Father Involvement Scale (answered by fathers and mothers), the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire – Short Form, and a Demographic Questionnaire to collect information on the parents and target-children were used. The results showed that mothers presented higher levels of involvement (care, availability and presence) and greater use of the democratic style, compared to fathers. In the case of mothers, involvement was not related to parenting styles, however in the case of fathers there were positive associations of both democratic and permissive styles with involvement (care and presence, and care subscales, respectively) and a tendency towards association of the authoritarian style with the discipline subscale. Finally, there were associations of the considered sociodemographic variables with both involvement (except for the number of children in the case of fathers) and parenting styles (except for the schooling in both groups and religiosity in the mothers’ group), although there were variations in specific dimensions according to the group. The results contribute to furthering understanding of both involvement in the care and education of children and of parenting styles, considering the parental couple, especially the relationship between these dimensions, which still lacks sufficient research.
The present study focuses on the parental involvement (care, availability, presence and discipline) and parenting styles (authoritarian, democratic and permissive) of groups of mothers and fathers. The aims were: (1) to determine whether there are differences between fathers and mothers in involvement and parenting styles; (2) to analyze the relationship between the two dimensions (in each group); (3) to analyze their relationship with the sociodemographic variables (schooling, number of children and religiosity). The participants in this study, 75 individuals, were divided into two groups (dependent), fathers (n = 35) and mothers (n = 35) of the same child. The mean age of the target-children was 8.06 years (SD = 2.03). The Father Involvement Scale (answered by fathers and mothers), the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire – Short Form, and a Demographic Questionnaire to collect information on the parents and target-children were used. The results showed that mothers presented higher levels of involvement (care, availability and presence) and greater use of the democratic style, compared to fathers. In the case of mothers, involvement was not related to parenting styles, however in the case of fathers there were positive associations of both democratic and permissive styles with involvement (care and presence, and care subscales, respectively) and a tendency towards association of the authoritarian style with the discipline subscale. Finally, there were associations of the considered sociodemographic variables with both involvement (except for the number of children in the case of fathers) and parenting styles (except for the schooling in both groups and religiosity in the mothers’ group), although there were variations in specific dimensions according to the group. The results contribute to furthering understanding of both involvement in the care and education of children and of parenting styles, considering the parental couple, especially the relationship between these dimensions, which still lacks sufficient research.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2018
Palavras-chave
Estilos educativos parentais Mães Pais Idade escolar Teses de mestrado - 2018