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Altruísmo e racionalidade prática na filosofia de Thomas Nagel
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Resumo(s)
Este estudo questiona as razões pelas quais devemos considerar o interesse de terceiros
na ação própria. Trata-se de uma defesa do altruísmo, enquanto condição racional do
agir. A reflexão desenvolve-se no quadro do sistema filosófico de Thomas Nagel,
tendo como foco original de análise The Possibility of Altruism. A presente tese procura
demonstrar que as distinções levadas a cabo nesta obra de Nagel são chave de leitura
para compreender a sua filosofia posterior, não devendo por isso ser menosprezadas.
A orientação da nossa leitura visa o dinamismo da racionalidade prática como exercício
existencial que clarifica e articula tensões a operar no agente. O sistema de razões
resultante, sem desembocar num ponto de vista unificado, reconhece a dupla condição
do agente como capaz de um ponto de vista subjetivo, existencialmente localizado, e de
um ponto de vista objetivo, neutro quanto à posição que o agente ocupa no mundo.
This study questions the reasons why one should consider the interest of third parties in one’s own action. It is a defense of altruism as a rational condition of acting. The reflection is developed within the framework of Thomas Nagel’s philosophical system, with The Possibility of Altruism as the main focus of analysis. The present thesis seeks to demonstrate that the distinctions Nagel makes in this work are key to understanding his later philosophy, and therefore should not be overlooked. Our reading aims at establishing the dynamism of practical rationality as an existential exercise that clarifies and articulates tensions operating in the agent. The resulting system of reasons, without leading to a unified point of view, recognizes the double condition of the agent as capable of a subjective point of view, existentially located, and an objective point of view, neutral regarding the position that the agent occupies in the world.
This study questions the reasons why one should consider the interest of third parties in one’s own action. It is a defense of altruism as a rational condition of acting. The reflection is developed within the framework of Thomas Nagel’s philosophical system, with The Possibility of Altruism as the main focus of analysis. The present thesis seeks to demonstrate that the distinctions Nagel makes in this work are key to understanding his later philosophy, and therefore should not be overlooked. Our reading aims at establishing the dynamism of practical rationality as an existential exercise that clarifies and articulates tensions operating in the agent. The resulting system of reasons, without leading to a unified point of view, recognizes the double condition of the agent as capable of a subjective point of view, existentially located, and an objective point of view, neutral regarding the position that the agent occupies in the world.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Nagel, Thomas, 1937- - Crítica e interpretação Nagel, Thomas, 1937- - The possibility of altruism Altruísmo Prudência Racionalidade Teses de doutoramento - 2023