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A Estratégia da Política Externa Brasileira para os Estados Unidos (2019-2021): entre o Groupthink e o Insulamento Burocrático do Ministério das Relações Exteriores
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Abstract(s)
Esse trabalho tem como tema central o processo de tomada de decisão estratégica da Política Externa Brasileira recente. Mais especificamente, trata-se da Política Externa Brasileira para os Estados Unidos da América (EUA) sob o mandato do chanceler Ernesto Araújo (2019-2021) – o primeiro chanceler do governo Bolsonaro. O objetivo do trabalho é explicar como a composição de um groupthink no modelo decisório dialogou tanto com a tradicional tomada de decisão centralizada no insulado Itamaraty quanto com os princípios seguidos. Para este fim, utilizamos as ferramentas teóricas das correntes de Análise de Política Externa (APE) – nomeadamente a burocrática institucional e a corrente psicológico cognitiva –, além de conceitos como de cultura estratégica.
No quesito metodológico, o trabalho enquadra-se como um estudo de caso epistemologicamente positivista. A abordagem para sua realização é predominantemente dedutivo-hipotética e qualitativa. Como fio condutor do trabalho, temos a seguinte pergunta de partida: “Quais as alterações verificadas no padrão de tomada de decisão estratégica na PEB para os EUA sob o mandato de Ernesto Araújo?”. Utilizou-se a seguinte hipótese de trabalho: a PEB para os EUA sob o mandato de Ernesto Araújo foi marcada por alterações no padrão burocrático e cognitivo concernentes à tradicional
cultura estratégica de insulamento do processo de tomada de decisão mediante a instalação de um groupthink sua principal instituição formuladora – o Itamaraty.
À guisa da conclusão do trabalho, ressalta-se que a hipótese foi corroborada. A principal inovação e contributo científico propostos pelo trabalho foram utilizar as valências das duas principais correntes de APE que versam sobre o período. Além disso, tencionou-se usar a sinergia da APE com as ferramentas teóricas disponíveis no campo de Estudos Estratégicos para entender-se, com maior precisão, os acontecimentos desse período tão atípico na história recente da Política Externa Brasileira.
This work has as its central subject the strategic decision-making process of recent Brazilian Foreign Policy. More specifically, it concerns the Brazilian Foreign Policy for the United States of America (USA) under the mandate of Chancellor Ernesto Araújo (2019-2021) – the first chancellor of the Bolsonaro’s government. The objective of the work is to explain how the composition of a groupthink in the decision-making model dialogued both with the traditional centralized decision-making in the insulated Itamaraty and with the principles followed. To this end, we use the theoretical tools of the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) theoretical currents – namely institutional bureaucratic and cognitive psychological –, in addition to concepts such as strategic culture. In terms of methodology, the work is framed as an epistemologically positivist case study. The approach to its implementation is predominantly deductive-hypothetical and qualitative. For guiding this work, we have the following starting question: “What changes have occurred in the standard of strategic decision-making at BFA for the USA under the mandate of Ernesto Araújo?”. The following working hypotheses were used: the BFA for the USA under the mandate of Ernesto Araújo was marked by changes in the bureaucratic and cognitive pattern that were concerning to the traditional strategic culture of isolating the decision-making process through the installation of a groupthink into its main formulating institution – Itamaraty. By way of conclusion of the dissertation, it is emphasized that the hypothesis was corroborated. The main innovation and scientific contribution proposed by the work was to use the strengths of the two main APE theoretical currents that dealt with the period. Furthermore, we intend to use the synergy of APE with the theoretical tools available in the field of Strategic Studies to understand, with greater accuracy, the events of this very atypical period in the recent history of Brazilian Foreign Affairs.
This work has as its central subject the strategic decision-making process of recent Brazilian Foreign Policy. More specifically, it concerns the Brazilian Foreign Policy for the United States of America (USA) under the mandate of Chancellor Ernesto Araújo (2019-2021) – the first chancellor of the Bolsonaro’s government. The objective of the work is to explain how the composition of a groupthink in the decision-making model dialogued both with the traditional centralized decision-making in the insulated Itamaraty and with the principles followed. To this end, we use the theoretical tools of the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) theoretical currents – namely institutional bureaucratic and cognitive psychological –, in addition to concepts such as strategic culture. In terms of methodology, the work is framed as an epistemologically positivist case study. The approach to its implementation is predominantly deductive-hypothetical and qualitative. For guiding this work, we have the following starting question: “What changes have occurred in the standard of strategic decision-making at BFA for the USA under the mandate of Ernesto Araújo?”. The following working hypotheses were used: the BFA for the USA under the mandate of Ernesto Araújo was marked by changes in the bureaucratic and cognitive pattern that were concerning to the traditional strategic culture of isolating the decision-making process through the installation of a groupthink into its main formulating institution – Itamaraty. By way of conclusion of the dissertation, it is emphasized that the hypothesis was corroborated. The main innovation and scientific contribution proposed by the work was to use the strengths of the two main APE theoretical currents that dealt with the period. Furthermore, we intend to use the synergy of APE with the theoretical tools available in the field of Strategic Studies to understand, with greater accuracy, the events of this very atypical period in the recent history of Brazilian Foreign Affairs.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Estratégia
Keywords
Política Externa Brasileira; Relação Brasil-Estados Unidos; Análise de Política Externa; Bolsonarismo; Brazilian Foreign Policy; Brazil-United States Relationship; Foreign Policy Analysis; Bolsonarism.