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Riscos e benefícios das terapias biológicas:
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Resumo(s)
Desde a sua introdução, em 1982, os medicamentos biológicos revolucionaram
o tratamento de um amplo espetro de doenças e são cada vez mais utilizados em
diversos os ramos da medicina.
Atualmente, os medicamentos biológicos são uma das maiores fontes de
inovação e desenvolvimento da indústria farmacêutica, sendo utilizados como terapia
para diversas doenças crónicas e agudas que até então não tinham como ser tratadas ou
que recorriam a terapias convencionais, na sua maioria, pouco eficazes. São produzidos
recorrendo à tecnologia do ADN recombinante e constituídos por moléculas grandes e
complexas, como por exemplo citocinas, fatores de crescimento, hormonas,
hemoderivados, enzimas, entre outros.
Tanto os medicamentos biossimilares como os biosuperiores são alternativas
naturais aos biofármacos de referência. Os primeiros têm como objetivo serem o mais
semelhantes possível aos biofármacos de referência e tornam possível um maior acesso
dos doentes a este tipo de terapias por apresentarem custos mais acessíveis. Os
biosuperiores apresentam vantagens a nível clínico em relação medicamentos
biológicos de referência e, consequentemente, um preço premium.
A psoríase é uma doença inflamatória sistémica crónica mediada por células T
e tem sido alvo de intensas investigações aos longos dos anos, aprimorando o
conhecimento da sua fisiopatologia no sentido de evoluir a nível terapêutico e melhorar
a qualidade de vida dos doentes psoriáticos.
Atualmente, existe uma enorme gama de terapias para a psoríase, desde terapias
tópicas e sistémicas (convencionais ou biológicas) que podem estar também associadas
a sessões de fototerapia. Esta revisão focará os vários passos que têm vindo a ser dados
no âmbito do tratamento da psoríase, tendo sempre em consideração as vantagens e
desvantagens associadas. É dado principal destaque aos biofármacos constituídos por
moduladores de citoquinas anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-12/23, anti-IL-23, anti-IL-17 e
moduladores de células T que atuam sobre as células T da cascata imunológica, inibindo
moléculas sinalizadoras ou recetores, de forma a suprimir a sua resposta imunológica e
inflamatória.
Since their introduction in 1982, biological medicines have revolutionized the treatment of a wide range of diseases and are increasingly used in many different branches of medicine. Today, biological medicines are a major source of innovation and development for the pharmaceutical industry, and are used as therapy for a variety of chronic and acute diseases that previously could not be treated or relied on conventional therapies that were mostly ineffective. They are produced using recombinant DNA technology and consist of large and complex molecules, such as cytokines, growth factors, hormones, blood products, enzymes, among others. Both biosimilar and biobetter drugs are natural alternatives to reference biopharmaceuticals. The former aim to be as similar as possible to the reference biopharmaceuticals and make possible greater patient access to these therapies by being more affordable. Biosuperior drugs have clinical advantages over reference biologics and consequently a price premium. Psoriasis is a chronic T-cell mediated systemic inflammatory disease and has been the target of intense research over the years, improving the knowledge of its pathophysiology in order to evolve therapeutically and improve the quality of life of psoriasis patients. Currently, there is a wide range of therapies for psoriasis, from topical and systemic therapies (conventional or biological) that may also be associated with phototherapy sessions. This review will focus on the various steps that have been taken in the treatment of psoriasis, always taking into consideration the associated advantages and disadvantages. The main focus is on biopharmaceuticals consisting of anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-12/23, anti-IL-23, anti-IL-17 cytokine modulators and T-cell modulators that act on T-cells of the immune cascade by inhibiting signaling molecules or receptors, so as to suppress their immune and inflammatory response.
Since their introduction in 1982, biological medicines have revolutionized the treatment of a wide range of diseases and are increasingly used in many different branches of medicine. Today, biological medicines are a major source of innovation and development for the pharmaceutical industry, and are used as therapy for a variety of chronic and acute diseases that previously could not be treated or relied on conventional therapies that were mostly ineffective. They are produced using recombinant DNA technology and consist of large and complex molecules, such as cytokines, growth factors, hormones, blood products, enzymes, among others. Both biosimilar and biobetter drugs are natural alternatives to reference biopharmaceuticals. The former aim to be as similar as possible to the reference biopharmaceuticals and make possible greater patient access to these therapies by being more affordable. Biosuperior drugs have clinical advantages over reference biologics and consequently a price premium. Psoriasis is a chronic T-cell mediated systemic inflammatory disease and has been the target of intense research over the years, improving the knowledge of its pathophysiology in order to evolve therapeutically and improve the quality of life of psoriasis patients. Currently, there is a wide range of therapies for psoriasis, from topical and systemic therapies (conventional or biological) that may also be associated with phototherapy sessions. This review will focus on the various steps that have been taken in the treatment of psoriasis, always taking into consideration the associated advantages and disadvantages. The main focus is on biopharmaceuticals consisting of anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-12/23, anti-IL-23, anti-IL-17 cytokine modulators and T-cell modulators that act on T-cells of the immune cascade by inhibiting signaling molecules or receptors, so as to suppress their immune and inflammatory response.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Terapias Biofármacos Biossimilares Biosuperiores Psoríase Mestrado integrado - 2022