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A displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) é uma complicação comum da prematuridade e afeta essencialmente recém-nascidos de extremo pré-termo. A sua etiologia é multifatorial e é caracterizada por uma disrupção precoce do desenvolvimento pulmonar e lesão do pulmão imaturo e altamente vulnerável de um prematuro. A utilização pós-natal de corticoides para prevenção e tratamento de DBP é uma das abordagens terapêuticas mais controversas na área da neonatologia, tendo em conta os potenciais efeitos adversos a curto e longo prazo, nomeadamente o risco de perturbações no neurodesenvolvimento.
O objetivo principal deste trabalho visa rever quais as recomendações para a utilização pós-natal de corticoides, enquanto estratégia terapêutica adotada na DBP, assim como fazer uma revisão da bibliografia existente em relação à caracterização e fisiopatologia da DBP.
Para o efeito, foi desenvolvida uma revisão narrativa da literatura através da pesquisa de artigos publicados nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, com um recorte temporal de 10 anos.
A evidência mais recente sugere que os benefícios da terapêutica com corticoides pós-natais podem não ultrapassar o risco de efeitos adversos conhecidos, pelo que o seu uso por rotina é desaconselhado. Ainda assim, parece haver um subgrupo de recém-nascidos que pode beneficiar da sua utilização. No entanto, a forma de identificação desta população de alto risco e a escolha do regime de corticoterapia ideal não estão ainda bem definidos. A informação é díspar e são necessários mais estudos neste sentido, que contemplem a avaliação de outcomes a longo prazo e comparem as estratégias terapêuticas já existentes.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature birth and essentially affects extremely preterm infants. It has a multifactorial etiology and it’s characterized by a disruption in lung development and repeated injury in the immature and highly vulnerable preterm lung. The use of postnatal corticosteroids for prevention and treatment of BPD is one of the most controversy therapies in neonatology, because of the potential short and long-term adverse effects, especially the risk of neurodevelopment impairment. The main goal of this work is to review what are the recommendations on the use of postnatal corticosteroids, as an adopted therapy strategy in BDP, and go through the existent evidence about the definition and physiopathology of BPD. For this purpose, this narrative literature review was obtained by searching for articles published in the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases, during the past 10 years. The most recent evidence suggests that the benefits of the treatment with corticosteroids appear to be outweighed by the potential risk of known adverse outcomes, so routine use is not recommended. Still, there might be a subgroup of infants who are likely to benefit of its use. However, the optimal approach to identifying these high-risk patients and the ideal regimen of corticotherapy remain uncertain. The information is inconsistent and we need more studies that include long term outcomes evaluation and that compare the existent therapy strategies.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature birth and essentially affects extremely preterm infants. It has a multifactorial etiology and it’s characterized by a disruption in lung development and repeated injury in the immature and highly vulnerable preterm lung. The use of postnatal corticosteroids for prevention and treatment of BPD is one of the most controversy therapies in neonatology, because of the potential short and long-term adverse effects, especially the risk of neurodevelopment impairment. The main goal of this work is to review what are the recommendations on the use of postnatal corticosteroids, as an adopted therapy strategy in BDP, and go through the existent evidence about the definition and physiopathology of BPD. For this purpose, this narrative literature review was obtained by searching for articles published in the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases, during the past 10 years. The most recent evidence suggests that the benefits of the treatment with corticosteroids appear to be outweighed by the potential risk of known adverse outcomes, so routine use is not recommended. Still, there might be a subgroup of infants who are likely to benefit of its use. However, the optimal approach to identifying these high-risk patients and the ideal regimen of corticotherapy remain uncertain. The information is inconsistent and we need more studies that include long term outcomes evaluation and that compare the existent therapy strategies.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023
Palavras-chave
Displasia broncopulmonar Corticoides pós-natais Recém-nascido Neurodesenvolvimento Pré-termo Pediatria
