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Fachadas verdes sustentáveis: estudo de uma solução de dupla função ornamental e agrícola
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As fachadas verdes oferecem benefícios significativos tanto a nível ambiental como urbanístico. No entanto, em Portugal, é comum encontrar exemplos onde são utlizadas espécies inadequadas e estruturas pouco sustentáveis. Dado o crescente impacto das perturbações ambientais causadas pela atividade humana, torna-se cada vez mais urgente adotar soluções eficazes para mitigar estes efeitos. Neste contexto, as fachadas verdes podem tornar-se sistemas mediadores ecológicos importantes.
O presente trabalho visa desenvolver um sistema de fachada verde com funcionalidade ornamental e agrícola, simultaneamente. Utiliza-se a espécie agrícola Phaseolus lunatus pelo seu rápido crescimento para cobertura inicial e a espécie ornamental Hedera iberica para cobertura contínua a longo prazo, com um crescimento mais lento. O sistema emprega materiais recicláveis e sustentáveis, como a cortiça, e plantas adaptadas ao clima mediterrâneo. Ao longo de sete meses, as plantas foram cultivadas em diferentes orientações geográficas e foram monitorizadas através de medições morfométricas e de fotografia digital, avaliando-se a sua adaptação.
As fachadas onde se registou um melhor desenvolvimento foram as fachadas Norte e Sul, que apresentam menor grau de ensombramento (em resultado da disposição da vegetação envolvente) e menor volume de água recebido (fruto da orientação do telhado da construção de suporte ao ensaio), mas onde são necessárias regas de complemento para melhorar a adaptação das espécies. Verificou-se a necessidade da utilização de guias para o feijoeiro e não para hera, dado que possui raízes aéreas.
Os resultados preliminares indicam que, a estrutura de cortiça, acompanhada de fio de cânhamo, é capaz de fornecer suporte adequado para a espécie agrícola, evitando o contacto direto com a parede e possíveis danos subsequentes, podendo assim, tornar-se uma solução viável para a implementação de fachadas verdes sustentáveis.
Green facades offer significant benefits both environmentally and urbanistically. However, in Portugal, it’s common to find examples where inappropriate species and unsustainable structures are used. Given the growing impact of environmental disturbances caused by human activity, it’s increasingly urgent to adopt effective solutions to mitigate these effects. In this context, green facades can become important ecological mediating systems. This study aims to develop a green facade system with both ornamental and agricultural functionality. The agricultural species Phaseolus lunatus is used for its fast growth to provide initial coverage, while the ornamental species Hedera iberica is used for long-term, continuous coverage, with slower growth. The system employs recyclable and sustainable materials, such as cork, and plants adapted to the Mediterranean climate. Over the course of seven months, the plants were grown in different geographic orientations and monitored. The facades where the best development was recorded were the North and South facades, which showed less shading (as a result of the surrounding vegetation layout) and received less water (due to the orientation of the roof of the supporting structure for the experiment). However, supplementary irrigation is required to improve species adaptation. It was observed that guides were necessary for the bean plant, but not for the ivy, as it has aerial roots. The preliminary results indicate that the cork structure, along with hemp twine, can provide adequate support for the agricultural species, avoiding direct contact with the wall and possible subsequent damage, thus becoming a viable solution for the implementation of sustainable green facades.
Green facades offer significant benefits both environmentally and urbanistically. However, in Portugal, it’s common to find examples where inappropriate species and unsustainable structures are used. Given the growing impact of environmental disturbances caused by human activity, it’s increasingly urgent to adopt effective solutions to mitigate these effects. In this context, green facades can become important ecological mediating systems. This study aims to develop a green facade system with both ornamental and agricultural functionality. The agricultural species Phaseolus lunatus is used for its fast growth to provide initial coverage, while the ornamental species Hedera iberica is used for long-term, continuous coverage, with slower growth. The system employs recyclable and sustainable materials, such as cork, and plants adapted to the Mediterranean climate. Over the course of seven months, the plants were grown in different geographic orientations and monitored. The facades where the best development was recorded were the North and South facades, which showed less shading (as a result of the surrounding vegetation layout) and received less water (due to the orientation of the roof of the supporting structure for the experiment). However, supplementary irrigation is required to improve species adaptation. It was observed that guides were necessary for the bean plant, but not for the ivy, as it has aerial roots. The preliminary results indicate that the cork structure, along with hemp twine, can provide adequate support for the agricultural species, avoiding direct contact with the wall and possible subsequent damage, thus becoming a viable solution for the implementation of sustainable green facades.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica / Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
fachadas verdes indiretas sustentabilidade trepadeiras cortiça parede verde indirect green facades sustainability climbing plants cork green walls
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Alves, B.D. Fachadas verdes sustentáveis: estudo de uma solução de dupla função ornamental e agrícola. Lisboa: ISA, 2024, 60 p. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa