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Constrangimentos na utilização de aplicações móveis no processo psicoterapêutico : perspetiva do terapeuta
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A tecnologia está fortemente imiscuída na sociedade atual, sendo o smartphone um exemplo icónico desta presença constante. A investigação em psicoterapia tem demonstrado que as abordagens que cativam os interesses do paciente, têm maior probabilidade de ter sucesso (Asay & Lambert, 1999). A utilidade da tecnologia móvel ao serviço da intervenção psicoterapêutica tem sido demonstrada (e.g. Bauer & Moessner, 2012). O presente estudo, exploratório e qualitativo, visa explorar a perceção dos psicólogos acerca do uso de aplicações para smartphone em contexto de intervenção psicoterapêutica, enquanto complemento desta. O principal objetivo é identificar os constrangimentos associados ao uso destas aplicações e como é que estes poderão ser ultrapassados, com o intuito de averiguar a possibilidade de uma maior proliferação destas ferramentas.
A recolha de dados baseou-se na realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas a dez participantes (psicólogos clínicos, a exercer e com pelo menos um ano de experiência profissional). A análise temática dos dados, através da utilização do software QSR NVivo 11, permitiu a criação de um sistema de categorias. Os resultados sugerem que apenas uma percentagem reduzida de psicólogos conhece estas apps e que uma percentagem ainda menor as utiliza. Esta falta de informação parece ser o grande obstáculo à integração destas ferramentas na intervenção psicoterapêutica. Os psicólogos entrevistados referem outros obstáculos à utilização destas ferramentas, descritos no presente estudo e dos quais se destacam a orientação teórica psicodinâmica, o paciente ter uma idade avançada, o momento terapêutico em que as apps são introduzidas ser desadequado e o psicólogo recear que a confidencialidade dos dados seja quebrada. O fator facilitador identificado por mais psicólogos é a clarificação de terapeuta e paciente sobre quem é que tem acesso aos dados, para que é que eles vão servir e quais riscos existentes.
Finalmente, apresentam-se algumas limitações do presente estudo e sugestões para investigações futuras.
Technology is completely immersed in today’s societies, with the smartphone being the iconic example of this constant presence. Psychotherapy research has shown that approaches that captivate the patients’ interests are more likely to achieve success (Asay & Lambert, 1999). The utility of mobile technology at the service of psychotherapy intervention has also been shown (e.g. Bauer & Moessner, 2012). The present study, exploratory and qualitative, aims to explore psychologists’ perceptions about the use of smartphone applications in the context of psychotherapy intervention, when viewed as a complement to the traditional approach. The main goal is to identify constraints associated with the use of these applications and how they can be overcome, with the intention of investigating which are the possibilities of these tools being more widespread. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews to 10 participants (clinical psychologists currently practicing and with, at least, a year of professional experience). The data’s thematic analysis, carried out with the aid of the QSR NVivo 11 software, allowed the creation of a categorical system. The results suggest that only a small percentage of psychologists know these applications and even a smaller percentage utilizes them. This lack of information seems to be the biggest obstacle to the integration of these tools in the psychotherapeutic intervention. The interviewed psychologists point out other obstacles to the utilization of these tools such as the psychodynamic theoretical approach, the patient’s advanced age, the moment of the therapeutic process in which the applications are introduced may be inadequate and the fear, on behalf of the therapist, that the confidentiality agreement may be breached. The facilitator factor identified by most of the participants is the clarification, between therapist and patient, of who has access to the data, which are the purposes of such data and the possible risks that may arise. Finally, the limitations of the study are presented and suggestions for future studies are made.
Technology is completely immersed in today’s societies, with the smartphone being the iconic example of this constant presence. Psychotherapy research has shown that approaches that captivate the patients’ interests are more likely to achieve success (Asay & Lambert, 1999). The utility of mobile technology at the service of psychotherapy intervention has also been shown (e.g. Bauer & Moessner, 2012). The present study, exploratory and qualitative, aims to explore psychologists’ perceptions about the use of smartphone applications in the context of psychotherapy intervention, when viewed as a complement to the traditional approach. The main goal is to identify constraints associated with the use of these applications and how they can be overcome, with the intention of investigating which are the possibilities of these tools being more widespread. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews to 10 participants (clinical psychologists currently practicing and with, at least, a year of professional experience). The data’s thematic analysis, carried out with the aid of the QSR NVivo 11 software, allowed the creation of a categorical system. The results suggest that only a small percentage of psychologists know these applications and even a smaller percentage utilizes them. This lack of information seems to be the biggest obstacle to the integration of these tools in the psychotherapeutic intervention. The interviewed psychologists point out other obstacles to the utilization of these tools such as the psychodynamic theoretical approach, the patient’s advanced age, the moment of the therapeutic process in which the applications are introduced may be inadequate and the fear, on behalf of the therapist, that the confidentiality agreement may be breached. The facilitator factor identified by most of the participants is the clarification, between therapist and patient, of who has access to the data, which are the purposes of such data and the possible risks that may arise. Finally, the limitations of the study are presented and suggestions for future studies are made.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2018
Palavras-chave
E-health Tecnologias da informação e da comunicação Processos psicoterapêuticos Teses de mestrado - 2018