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O assédio em contexto laboral : um olhar jurisprudencial à luz da Lei Nº 73/2017, de 16 de Agosto
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Com referência à enfase dada aos direitos de personalidade e absolutos do trabalhador, em detrimento da figura deste como um mero meio mercantil, o assédio embora já existente desde a autonomização do Direito do Trabalho, só por ora tem sido alvo de maior densificação legislativa, doutrinária e jurisprudencial.
Face ao descrito e à entrada em vigor da Lei n.º 73/2017, de 16 de agosto, que veio criar um regime de prevenção da prática de assédio – na vertente moral e sexual – e, à partida, pôr fim à incerteza jurídica relativa a esta temática, decidimos abraçar esta matéria, optando por uma abordagem iminentemente prática. Assim, num primeiro momento, debruçar-nos-emos sobre o conceito jurídico do assédio e as diversas nomenclaturas adotadas pela doutrina, bem como as características do mobbing que constam da letra da lei e as que são apreciadas em sede judicial e contraordenacional.
Posteriormente, analisaremos o assédio na perspetiva do Direito da União Europeia e das fontes de direito internacional, para nos focarmos em exclusivo no regime nacional introduzido pelos Códigos do Trabalho de 2003, de 2009 e o que vigora atualmente, na vigência das alterações introduzidas pela legislação suprarreferida. Por último, e no que a esta questão diz respeito, procederemos a uma análise circunstanciada de um conjunto selecionado de acórdãos proferidos pelos tribunais superiores portugueses, para concluirmos com uma síntese das posições acolhidas e das tendências futuras que as jurisdições nacionais tendem a assumir.
With reference to the emphasis given to the personality rights and absolutes of the worker, to the detriment of the latter as a mere mercantile means, harassment, although existing since the autonomization of labor law, has for the moment been the object of greater legislative, doctrinal and case law. In view of the description and entry into force of Law No. 73/2017 of 16 August, which created a system to prevent harassment - both moral and sexual - and, at the outset, to put an end to legal uncertainty on this subject, we have decided to embrace this matter by opting for an imminently practical approach. Thus, at first, we will look at the legal concept of harassment, and the various nomenclatures adopted by the doctrine, as well as the characteristics of the mobbing that are contained in the letter of the law and those that are assessed in court and administrative misconduct. Subsequently, we will analyze harassment from the point of view of European Union law and sources of international law, so that we focus exclusively on the national regime introduced by the 2003 Labor Codes, 2009 and what is currently in force, in the light of changes introduced by legislation supra-referenced. Lastly, as regards this question, we will carry out a detailed analysis of a selected set of judgments handed down by the Portuguese High Courts, in order to conclude with a summary of the positions taken and the future trends which the national courts tend to assume.
With reference to the emphasis given to the personality rights and absolutes of the worker, to the detriment of the latter as a mere mercantile means, harassment, although existing since the autonomization of labor law, has for the moment been the object of greater legislative, doctrinal and case law. In view of the description and entry into force of Law No. 73/2017 of 16 August, which created a system to prevent harassment - both moral and sexual - and, at the outset, to put an end to legal uncertainty on this subject, we have decided to embrace this matter by opting for an imminently practical approach. Thus, at first, we will look at the legal concept of harassment, and the various nomenclatures adopted by the doctrine, as well as the characteristics of the mobbing that are contained in the letter of the law and those that are assessed in court and administrative misconduct. Subsequently, we will analyze harassment from the point of view of European Union law and sources of international law, so that we focus exclusively on the national regime introduced by the 2003 Labor Codes, 2009 and what is currently in force, in the light of changes introduced by legislation supra-referenced. Lastly, as regards this question, we will carry out a detailed analysis of a selected set of judgments handed down by the Portuguese High Courts, in order to conclude with a summary of the positions taken and the future trends which the national courts tend to assume.
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Direito do trabalho Assédio moral Assédio sexual Mobbing Jurisprudência Danos não patrimoniais Integridade física Teses de mestrado - 2021