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Caracterização fitoquímica de Erica australis e estudo etnobotânico de plantas medicinais da Serra de Montemuro
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Na I Parte deste trabalho aborda-se o estudo fitoquímico de duas plantas medicinais da Serrade Montemuro: Erica australis e Iris germanica.A empresa ERVITAL, sediada na Serra de Montemuro, para alem da produção própria, procede a recolha de algumas plantas espontâneas da região, que e o caso de Erica australis, uma planta que apresenta flores com tonalidades diversas, e no qual lhe são atribuídas propriedades biológicas. Com o objetivo de estabelecer uma relação entre a composição química e a cor da flor, foi realizado um estudo comparativo do perfil fitoquímico de tres amostras de E. australis apresentando flores de coloração distinta. A analise dos óleos essenciais de E. australis, obtidos por hidrodestilação, foi efetuada por CG e GC/MS, enquanto que a composição fenólica da fração aquosa foi determinada por HPLCDAD. O ácido gálico aparece como o constituinte maioritário (6.0-7.0%) do extrato aquoso. No que respeita ao perfil químico dos óleos essenciais, foram identificados 43 compostos, sendo o oct-1-en- 3-ol o constituinte predominante (32.8-38.3%). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na composição química das três amostras estudadas, tanto no que respeita a fração volátil como a fração aquosa, sugerindo que o polimorfismo da cor não afeta significativamente o perfil fitoquímico da planta. Relativamente a Iris germanica, procedeu-se a manufatura de uma pomada, com comprovada eficácia no alivio de queimaduras. Os constituintes químicos foram extraídos do rizoma com solventes de diferentes polaridades: hexano, diclorometano e etanol. A analise por cromatografia em camada fina analítica permitiu concluir que o etanol e o melhor solvente para a extração, apresentando o melhor rendimento (3.9%). A II Parte desta dissertação aborda o Estudo Etnobotanico realizado nos concelhos da Serra de Montemuro. Foram entrevistadas 98 pessoas de 45 aldeias, distribuídas por 23 freguesias. No total, foram mencionadas cerca de 350 plantas, pertencendo grande parte a família Lamiaceae, sendo a malva a planta mais citada pelos inquiridos.
The first part addresses the phytochemical study of two medicinal plants from Serra de Montemuro: Erica australis and Iris germanica. The company ERVITAL, based in Serra de Montemuro, in addition to his own production, collects also some spontaneous plants in the region, which is the case of Erica australis, a plant that has flowers with several tonalities, and is known as having biological properties. With the aim of establishing a relationship between chemical composition and the color of the flower, a comparative study was made of the phytochemical profile of three samples of E. australis presenting flowers of distinct coloration. The analysis of the essential oils of E. australis, obtained by hydrodistillation was performed by CG and GC/MS, while the phenolic composition of the aqueous fraction was determined by HPLC-DAD. Gallic acid appears to be the majority constituent (6.0-7.0%) of the aqueous extract. As regards the chemical profile of essential oils, 43 compounds were identified, with the oct-1-en-3- ol as the predominant constituent (32.8-38.3%).There was no observed significant differences in the chemical composition of the three samples studied, as much in terms of the volatile fraction as the aqueous fraction, suggesting that the polymorphism of the color does not significantly affect the phytochemical profile of the plant. With regard to the species Iris germanica, an ointment was manufactured, with proven efficacy in relieving of burns. The chemical constituents were extracted from the rhizome with solvents of different polarity: hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol. The analysis by analytical thin layer chromatography allowed the conclusion that ethanol is the best solvent for extraction, showing the best yield (3.9%). The second part of this dissertation deals with the Ethnobotanical Study conducted in several counties of the Serra de Montemuro. Interviews were held with 98 people from 45 villages, spread over 23 civil parishes. In total, about 350 plants were mentioned, mostly belonging to the family Lamiaceae, the mallow was the plant most commonly cited by respondents.
The first part addresses the phytochemical study of two medicinal plants from Serra de Montemuro: Erica australis and Iris germanica. The company ERVITAL, based in Serra de Montemuro, in addition to his own production, collects also some spontaneous plants in the region, which is the case of Erica australis, a plant that has flowers with several tonalities, and is known as having biological properties. With the aim of establishing a relationship between chemical composition and the color of the flower, a comparative study was made of the phytochemical profile of three samples of E. australis presenting flowers of distinct coloration. The analysis of the essential oils of E. australis, obtained by hydrodistillation was performed by CG and GC/MS, while the phenolic composition of the aqueous fraction was determined by HPLC-DAD. Gallic acid appears to be the majority constituent (6.0-7.0%) of the aqueous extract. As regards the chemical profile of essential oils, 43 compounds were identified, with the oct-1-en-3- ol as the predominant constituent (32.8-38.3%).There was no observed significant differences in the chemical composition of the three samples studied, as much in terms of the volatile fraction as the aqueous fraction, suggesting that the polymorphism of the color does not significantly affect the phytochemical profile of the plant. With regard to the species Iris germanica, an ointment was manufactured, with proven efficacy in relieving of burns. The chemical constituents were extracted from the rhizome with solvents of different polarity: hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol. The analysis by analytical thin layer chromatography allowed the conclusion that ethanol is the best solvent for extraction, showing the best yield (3.9%). The second part of this dissertation deals with the Ethnobotanical Study conducted in several counties of the Serra de Montemuro. Interviews were held with 98 people from 45 villages, spread over 23 civil parishes. In total, about 350 plants were mentioned, mostly belonging to the family Lamiaceae, the mallow was the plant most commonly cited by respondents.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Química (Química, Saúde e Nutrição), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2011
Palavras-chave
PAM Erica australis Iris germanica Serra de Montemuro ERVITAL Teses de mestrado - 2011