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As relações político-económicas entre a União Europeia e a América Latina : Os casos do Mercosul e do México
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Resumo(s)
Desde meados dos anos 70 que a União Europeia tem vindo a aproximar-se da América Latina; uma relação inicialmente centrada em aspectos comerciais nos acordos de primeira e segunda geração, deu um salto qualificativo nos anos 90 com os acordos de terceira e quarta gerações que começaram a englobar questões de natureza política. A inclusão de questões políticas em acordos comerciais, principalmente como forma de acção externa, diferencia a actuação europeia de outras potências comerciais, nomeadamente a norte-americana, sendo essencial na construção de uma identidade que permita a consideração da União Europeia como actor internacional. A aproximação à América Latina é desenvolvida em torno destes dois eixos, aspectos comerciais e políticos, ao que se junta a promoção do regionalismo como forma de organização comercial complementar ao multilateralismo. A América Latina é um mosaico de sub-regiões pouco institucionalizadas, requerendo, então, diferentes abordagens: bilateral e bi-regional. Como realidade oriunda de um processo de integração regional, a União Europeia irá dar prioridade a acordos de livre comércio com agrupamentos regionais. No entanto, a sua atitude de regionalismo flexível também irá permitir abordagens bilaterais. Assim, como forma de ilustrar a relação com a América Latina escolheram-se exemplos que personificam estas abordagens: bi-regional, o Mercosul; e bilateral, o México. A análise destes dois exemplos irá expor a tese que a UE orienta a sua acção conjugando objectivos comerciais e políticos, mas que na prática será a defesa de interesses comerciais pré-existentes a comandar a negociação de acordos que resultam numa verdadeira aproximação.
Since the mid-'70s the European Union has developed a relationship with Latin America, a relationship centered initially in the commercial aspects, especially in the agreements of the first and second generation; had in the nineties a further development with the third and fourth generation agreements which began to include political issues. The inclusion of political issues in trade agreements, mainly as a form of external action, differentiates European action from other trading powers, particularly of United States action, and is essential in building an identity that allows to considerate the European Union as an international actor. The approach to Latin America is developed around these two axes, commercial and political aspects, which join the promotion of regionalism as a form of commercial organization complementary to multilateralism. Latin America is a mosaic of sub-regions poorly institutionalized, then requiring different approaches: bilateral and bi-regional. As reality coming from a process of regional integration the European Union will give priority to free trade agreements with regional groupings, however, her attitude of flexible regionalism will also allow bilateral approaches. The examples chosen to illustrate this relationship were Mercosur and México, they embody these approaches: bi-regional level and bilateral level. The analysis of these two examples will expose the thesis that the European Union targets its action by combining commercial and political objectives, but in practice will be the defense of pre-existing commercial interests to control the negotiation of agreements that result in a genuine rapprochement.
Since the mid-'70s the European Union has developed a relationship with Latin America, a relationship centered initially in the commercial aspects, especially in the agreements of the first and second generation; had in the nineties a further development with the third and fourth generation agreements which began to include political issues. The inclusion of political issues in trade agreements, mainly as a form of external action, differentiates European action from other trading powers, particularly of United States action, and is essential in building an identity that allows to considerate the European Union as an international actor. The approach to Latin America is developed around these two axes, commercial and political aspects, which join the promotion of regionalism as a form of commercial organization complementary to multilateralism. Latin America is a mosaic of sub-regions poorly institutionalized, then requiring different approaches: bilateral and bi-regional. As reality coming from a process of regional integration the European Union will give priority to free trade agreements with regional groupings, however, her attitude of flexible regionalism will also allow bilateral approaches. The examples chosen to illustrate this relationship were Mercosur and México, they embody these approaches: bi-regional level and bilateral level. The analysis of these two examples will expose the thesis that the European Union targets its action by combining commercial and political objectives, but in practice will be the defense of pre-existing commercial interests to control the negotiation of agreements that result in a genuine rapprochement.
Descrição
Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Palavras-chave
regionalismo acordos de livre comércio União Europeia América Latina relações políticas relações comerciais regionalism free trade agreements European Union Latin America political relations trade relations
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Reis, Ana Isabel Lourenço dos. 2011. "As relações político-económicas entre a União Europeia e a América Latina : Os casos do Mercosul e do México". Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão