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O estatuto do administrador da insolvência
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A análise do tema “O Estatuto do Administrador da Insolvência”, actualmente, designado Administrador Judicial, figura que abarca as designações de “Administrador Judicial Provisório”, “Administrador da Insolvência ou “Fiduciário”, revelou-se de grande interesse na medida em que o Administrador Judicial é o órgão vital dos processos de insolvência, que têm vido a aumentar significativamente ao longo dos últimos anos, devido à crise económica que se instalou em toda a Europa.
Note-se que o Administrador é o representante do devedor, sendo que, além de outros deveres, cabe-lhe analisar a situação da insolvência, as reclamações de créditos apresentadas pelos credores, proceder à liquidação da massa insolvente, preparar o pagamento das dívidas da massa e dos credores, e ainda, elaborar planos de insolvência.
Ao longo dos últimos anos foi-se acentuando a tendência dos Administradores para optar pela liquidação das massas insolventes, sendo notório o desinteresse na recuperação do devedor/insolvente, o que gerou o encerramento de inúmeras empresas que possivelmente encontrar-se-iam, apenas, numa situação económica difícil – que actualmente, e no âmbito do regime do Processo Especial de Revitalização, poderiam ser recuperadas – e não em situações “puras” de insolvência.
Tal desinteresse deve-se aos mais variados factores, destacando-se, por um lado, o facto de a grande maioria dos Administradores não se dedicar em exclusivo à actividade, e, por outro, o facto de a remuneração prevista para a elaboração de planos que viabilizem a recuperação das empresas, não ser compensatória.Todavia, em 2012, o legislador, consciente de tal problemática, iniciou uma reforma ao regime da insolvência, alterando profundamente o paradigma dos Administradores, suas funções e deveres, por forma a estimular o exercício da actividade, com vista à recuperação das empresas – e não ao seu encerramento – e consequente liquidação.
Studying the matter of “The Administer in the Insolvency” – which, in the Portuguese insolvency legal system refers to: Trustee, Interim Trustee and Official Receiver – has become a subject of major importance, especially considering that the Admnister is the heart and core of the entire Insolvency/Bankruptcy legal process, which have grown substantially over the past few years, due to the global financial and economic crisis. It must be emphasized that the Administer acts as a Debtors representative, who is responsible for analyzing the credit claims, investigating the affairs of the debtor and obtaining information to recover property, holding the debtors/bankrupts assets in trust, and later sell the existent property, and also preparing and processing debt agreement proposals, as well as protect the rights of the creditors. Over the past years it has been noted that the Administers often choose the Company’s liquidation over debt agreement proposals. It has become notorious their disinterest in the Companies recovery, in such a manner that many Companies have been declared bankrupt and liquidated, when, in fact, they were in a difficult economic situation and the Administer could promote the debtors recovery through a special procedure recently created by the legislator for that effect. This option is often made by the Administer, not due to the excessive and overwhelming debt of a Company, but merely because many Administers do not work exclusively as insolvency experts, on one hand, and on another hand, due to the fact that their fees – legally established – are substantially decreased by promoting a debt agreementproposal rather than pursuing a legal process. However, in 2012, and aware of such problems, the legislator initiated a legal reform to the insolvency and bankruptcy system, profoundly changing the statutes of the Administer – its duties and legal functions – in which the Companies financial recovery will be the primary option, instead of its bankruptcy and subsequent liquidation.
Studying the matter of “The Administer in the Insolvency” – which, in the Portuguese insolvency legal system refers to: Trustee, Interim Trustee and Official Receiver – has become a subject of major importance, especially considering that the Admnister is the heart and core of the entire Insolvency/Bankruptcy legal process, which have grown substantially over the past few years, due to the global financial and economic crisis. It must be emphasized that the Administer acts as a Debtors representative, who is responsible for analyzing the credit claims, investigating the affairs of the debtor and obtaining information to recover property, holding the debtors/bankrupts assets in trust, and later sell the existent property, and also preparing and processing debt agreement proposals, as well as protect the rights of the creditors. Over the past years it has been noted that the Administers often choose the Company’s liquidation over debt agreement proposals. It has become notorious their disinterest in the Companies recovery, in such a manner that many Companies have been declared bankrupt and liquidated, when, in fact, they were in a difficult economic situation and the Administer could promote the debtors recovery through a special procedure recently created by the legislator for that effect. This option is often made by the Administer, not due to the excessive and overwhelming debt of a Company, but merely because many Administers do not work exclusively as insolvency experts, on one hand, and on another hand, due to the fact that their fees – legally established – are substantially decreased by promoting a debt agreementproposal rather than pursuing a legal process. However, in 2012, and aware of such problems, the legislator initiated a legal reform to the insolvency and bankruptcy system, profoundly changing the statutes of the Administer – its duties and legal functions – in which the Companies financial recovery will be the primary option, instead of its bankruptcy and subsequent liquidation.
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Direito da insolvência Administrador da insolvência Estatuto Teses de mestrado - 2014