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Importância da Imunoterapia Específica no Tratamento do Cancro da Mama
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A presente revisão de conjunto teve como objetivo avaliar até que ponto a imunoterapia é uma área de desenvolvimento no tratamento do cancro da mama. Nos últimos anos, surgiram vários anticorpos com potencial para o tratamento do carcinoma da mama. Os anticorpos anti-HER2, como o trastuzumab e pertuzumab, foram aqueles que apresentaram melhores resultados em ensaios clínicos e são bastante utilizados no tratamento do subtipo HER2. Mais recentemente surgiu o T- DMI que, apesar da sua aprovação ser recente, revelou boas taxas de resposta em ensaios clínicos. Relativamente aos anticorpos anti-EGFR e anti-VEGF, os ensaios clínicos revelam que estes têm uma atividade limitada e não podem ser considerados alternativas terapêuticas às já existentes. No que diz respeito à utilização de vacinas, as vacinas de células dendríticas são uma tecnologia recente e que ainda tem poucos dados disponíveis mas é, sem dúvida, algo com potencial.
Em suma, a imunoterapia e, em especial, a terapêutica antitumoral com anticorpos já representam uma aposta eficaz no tratamento de determinados subtipos de carcinoma da mama devendo, no entanto, continuar a investir-se na procura de novos alvos para alargar a sua utilidade aos subtipos mais carentes de alternativas terapêuticas.
This review has the purpose to evaluate if immunotherapy was a developing area when it comes to breast cancer treatment. In the last years, several antibodies with potential to treat breast cancer have arisen. The anti-HER2 antibodies, like trastuzumab and pertuzumab, were those that have had best results on clinical trials and are used in treatment of HER2 type. Recently, T-DMI emerged and, although its approval is very recent, clinical trials revealed good response rates. Relatively to anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF antibodies, clinical trials revealed that they have a limited activity and they can´t be considered alternatives comparing to others that already exist on the market. On the subject of vaccines, dendritic cells vaccines are a new-found technology that does not have too much available data but they are, for sure, something with potential. To summarize, immunotherapy and, especially, cancer therapy with antibodies already represent an effective approach in treatment of certain breast cancer subtypes but is necessary more investment to search new targets in order to extend their utility to other subtypes that have less treatment options.
This review has the purpose to evaluate if immunotherapy was a developing area when it comes to breast cancer treatment. In the last years, several antibodies with potential to treat breast cancer have arisen. The anti-HER2 antibodies, like trastuzumab and pertuzumab, were those that have had best results on clinical trials and are used in treatment of HER2 type. Recently, T-DMI emerged and, although its approval is very recent, clinical trials revealed good response rates. Relatively to anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF antibodies, clinical trials revealed that they have a limited activity and they can´t be considered alternatives comparing to others that already exist on the market. On the subject of vaccines, dendritic cells vaccines are a new-found technology that does not have too much available data but they are, for sure, something with potential. To summarize, immunotherapy and, especially, cancer therapy with antibodies already represent an effective approach in treatment of certain breast cancer subtypes but is necessary more investment to search new targets in order to extend their utility to other subtypes that have less treatment options.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2013
Palavras-chave
Mestrado Integrado - 2013