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Os modelos de justiça e a legitimidade da colaboração premiada como instrumento de combate ao crime organizado
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| 1.23 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O mundo ocidental possui dois sistemas jurídicos que têm as suas origens na Inglaterra (Common Law) e no continente europeu (Civil Law). Face às transformações do mundo, que a cada dia mais se aproxima de uma “aldeia global”, os dois modelos passaram a se intercomunicar e a produzir influências recíprocas. Um dos reflexos dessa interação entre os dois mundos jurídicos foi a adoção de mecanismos próprios da chamada “justiça negociada” no universo da Civil Law. Como não poderia deixar de ser, a introdução de mecanismos de um sistema em outro (fenômeno da “tradução”) causa situações de conflito e desajustes no sistema de justiça receptor. Foi o que aconteceu com o uso da “colaboração premiada” no Brasil, a partir da edição da Lei n.º 12.850/2013, que a regulamentou. Largamente utilizados na Operação Lava Jato, acordos de colaboração premiada permitiram aos órgãos de persecução criminal a obtenção de provas que levaram à condenação poderosos empresários e políticos que lesaram os cofres da empresa pública Petrobras mediante atos de corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro. Hoje não mais se discute a importância da colaboração premiada como ferramenta eficaz de combate ao crime organizado. Faz-se necessário, contudo, que a aplicação do mecanismo se dê em harmonia e com o devido respeito aos valores e princípios que regem os direitos penal e processual penal no sistema inquisitorial.
The Western world has two legal systems that have their origins in England (Common Law) and the European continent (Civil Law). Owing to transformations in the world, which is gradually becoming a global village, the two systems started to intercommunicate and produce reciprocal influences. One of the reflexes of the interaction between the two legal worlds has been the adoption of mechanisms of negotiated justice in Civil Law. As it could not be otherwise, the introduction of mechanisms from one system into another (the phenomenon of "translation") has caused situations of conflict and maladjustment in the receiving justice system. One example of this maladjustment is the use of cooperation agreement in Brazil, which enacted Law No. 12.850/2013, regulating the insertion of collaboration. Widely used in Operation Lava Jato, cooperation agreements allowed the criminal prosecution bodies to obtain evidence that led to the conviction of influential people in business and politicians who drained billions of reais from the coffers of the Brazilian public company Petrobras through corruption and money laundering. Today there is no longer any discussion of the importance of collaboration as an effective tool to combat organized crime. However, the use of the mechanism of cooperation agreement must occur in harmony and respect for the values and principles that govern criminal law and criminal procedure in the inquisitorial model.
The Western world has two legal systems that have their origins in England (Common Law) and the European continent (Civil Law). Owing to transformations in the world, which is gradually becoming a global village, the two systems started to intercommunicate and produce reciprocal influences. One of the reflexes of the interaction between the two legal worlds has been the adoption of mechanisms of negotiated justice in Civil Law. As it could not be otherwise, the introduction of mechanisms from one system into another (the phenomenon of "translation") has caused situations of conflict and maladjustment in the receiving justice system. One example of this maladjustment is the use of cooperation agreement in Brazil, which enacted Law No. 12.850/2013, regulating the insertion of collaboration. Widely used in Operation Lava Jato, cooperation agreements allowed the criminal prosecution bodies to obtain evidence that led to the conviction of influential people in business and politicians who drained billions of reais from the coffers of the Brazilian public company Petrobras through corruption and money laundering. Today there is no longer any discussion of the importance of collaboration as an effective tool to combat organized crime. However, the use of the mechanism of cooperation agreement must occur in harmony and respect for the values and principles that govern criminal law and criminal procedure in the inquisitorial model.
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Keywords
Colaboração premiada Crime organizado Verdade Proteção dos direitos fundamentais Legalidade Teses de mestrado - 2023 Cooperation agreement Organized crime Truth Protection of fundamental rights Principle of legality