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Contribuição para o estudo das Micoplasmoses hemáticas felinas em Portugal
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Estudos recentes têm sido conduzidos por todo o mundo numa tentativa de avaliar o impacto e a prevalência das espécies de hemoplasmas felinos em diferentes populações de animais. Até à data são conhecidas quatro espécies capazes de infectar o gato, que diferem entre si no grau de patogenicidade, sobretudo na presença de determinados factores de risco.
O objectivo do presente estudo centra-se na avaliação da prevalência de infecção por hemoplasmas em 236 gatos de Portugal através da utilização de PCR em tempo real, e na análise de significância dos factores de risco da infecção.
A prevalência geral de hemoplasmas detectada na população em estudo foi de 27,1% (64/236), dos quais, 17,8% (42/236) correspondem à presença de CMhm, 14,4% (34/236) à presença de Mhf e apenas 5,9% (14/236) à infecção provocada por CMt. A presença de co-infecção foi detectada em 8,1% (19/236) das amostras, tendo-se verificado maioritariamente a presença simultânea de Mhf e CMhm assim como, a presença concomitante das três espécies de hemoplasmas, em 5,9% (14/236) dos animais.
A infecção por hemoplasmas foi associada significativamente com o estilo de vida dos animais (Pertencentes a gatis/Vida livre/Com proprietário) (P=0,007), com o habitat (Rua/Casa/Gatil/Casa com acesso esporádico à rua) (P=0,031) e com a infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina (P=0,011), não tendo sido detectada associação com a localização geográfica, a idade e a infecção pelo vírus da leucemia felina. Obteve-se ainda significância entre a infecção provocada por CMt e o sexo masculino (P=0,032), e entre o tipo de infecção (IU/CoI) (P=0,012) provocada por esta espécie, que surgiu maioritariamente em co-infecção.
As proporções obtidas estão de acordo com as prevalências documentadas mundialmente, tendo sido, no entanto, inferiores às proporções detectadas nos animais do Norte e Centro de Portugal. O presente estudo vem complementar a avaliação do panorama geral do País, no que diz respeito à presença de infecção por hemoplasmas felinos.
ABSTRACT - Recent studies have been conducted around the world in an attempt to assess the impact and the prevalence of feline haemoplasma species in different animal populations. To date, there are four known species capable of infecting the cat, which differ in the degree of their pathogenicity, especially in the presence of specific risk factors. The aim of the present study focuses on the evaluation of the prevalence of haemoplasma infections in 236 cats from Portugal using real-time PCR techniques, and the analysis of the significance of the infection risk factors. The overall prevalence of haemoplasma detected in the study population was 27.1 % (64/ 236), of which 17.8% (42/ 236) correspond to the presence of CMhm, 14.4 % (34/ 236) to Mhf and only 5.9 % (14/ 236) to the infection caused by CMt. The presence of co-infection was detected in 8.1% (19/ 236) of the samples and it was found mostly the simultaneous presence of Mhf and CMhm as well as the simultaneous presence of the three species of haemoplasmas in 5.9% (14 / 236) of the animals. Haemoplasma infection was significantly associated with the lifestyle of the animals (living in catteries/free life/house pet) (P = 0.007), with habitat (outdoor/indoor/cattery/indoor with outdoor access) (P = 0.031) and infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (P = 0.011). No association was found regarding geographical location, age and infection with feline leukemia virus. A significant association between the infection caused by CMt and the male gender (P= 0.032) and between the type of infection (UI/CoI) (P = 0.012) caused by this specie (which appeared mainly in co-infection), was also found. The values obtained are consistent with the documented worldwide prevalence, although lower than the proportions found in the animals of the North and Central areas from Portugal. This study complements the evaluation of the overall picture of the country, regarding the infection by feline haemoplasmas.
ABSTRACT - Recent studies have been conducted around the world in an attempt to assess the impact and the prevalence of feline haemoplasma species in different animal populations. To date, there are four known species capable of infecting the cat, which differ in the degree of their pathogenicity, especially in the presence of specific risk factors. The aim of the present study focuses on the evaluation of the prevalence of haemoplasma infections in 236 cats from Portugal using real-time PCR techniques, and the analysis of the significance of the infection risk factors. The overall prevalence of haemoplasma detected in the study population was 27.1 % (64/ 236), of which 17.8% (42/ 236) correspond to the presence of CMhm, 14.4 % (34/ 236) to Mhf and only 5.9 % (14/ 236) to the infection caused by CMt. The presence of co-infection was detected in 8.1% (19/ 236) of the samples and it was found mostly the simultaneous presence of Mhf and CMhm as well as the simultaneous presence of the three species of haemoplasmas in 5.9% (14 / 236) of the animals. Haemoplasma infection was significantly associated with the lifestyle of the animals (living in catteries/free life/house pet) (P = 0.007), with habitat (outdoor/indoor/cattery/indoor with outdoor access) (P = 0.031) and infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (P = 0.011). No association was found regarding geographical location, age and infection with feline leukemia virus. A significant association between the infection caused by CMt and the male gender (P= 0.032) and between the type of infection (UI/CoI) (P = 0.012) caused by this specie (which appeared mainly in co-infection), was also found. The values obtained are consistent with the documented worldwide prevalence, although lower than the proportions found in the animals of the North and Central areas from Portugal. This study complements the evaluation of the overall picture of the country, regarding the infection by feline haemoplasmas.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Hemoplasmas felinos Mhf CMhm CMt Prevalência Factores de risco FIV FeLV Feline haemoplasmas Prevalence Risk Factors
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Marques, V.R.F. (2013). Contribuição para o estudo das Micoplasmoses hemáticas felinas em Portugal. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária