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Potenciais Terapêuticos da Canábis Medicinal: Mecanismos Antitumorais
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As propriedades medicinais da Cannabis sativa L. são conhecidas desde a antiguidade. A descoberta de um sistema endocanabinóide, bem como os significativos avanços científicos verificados nos últimos anos, permitiram à comunidade científica conhecer melhor as ações farmacológicas e sinérgicas, a farmacocinética e os efeitos adversos dos canabinóides. Foi igualmente reconhecido um enorme potencial terapêutico destas substâncias, nomeadamente no tratamento da dor crónica, da sintomatologia associada à quimioterapia, à espasticidade, epilepsia, redução de náuseas e vómitos, estimulação do apetite, glaucoma e síndrome de la Tourette. A canábis provou ainda efeitos antitumorais em diferentes modelos cancerígenos, através de vários mecanismos de inibição da proliferação, angiogénese, metastização e quimiorresistência. Os estudos que confirmam a possibilidade de utilização terapêutica segura e com baixa toxicidade, permitiram a recente aprovação em Portugal, e noutros países, da utilização terapêutica de medicamentos, preparações e substâncias à base de canábis. Contudo, é ainda muito reduzida a sua utilização clínica. Em conclusão, apesar dos resultados promissores da utilização da canábis medicinal em diversas patologias, o uso clínico dos canabinóides é ainda controverso, sendo necessários mais estudos para a sua utilização na prática clínica baseada na evidência.
The medicinal properties of Cannabis sativa L. have been known since ancient times. The discovery of an endocannabinoid system, as well as significant scientific advances in recent years, has enabled the scientific community to better understand the pharmacological and synergistic actions, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of cannabinoids. A huge therapeutic potential of these substances has also been recognized, notably in the treatment of chronic pain, chemotherapy-associated symptomatology, spasticity, epilepsy, reduction of nausea and vomiting, appetite stimulation, glaucoma and Tourette's syndrome. Cannabis has also proven antitumor effects in different carcinogenic models through various mechanisms of proliferation inhibition, angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. Numerous studies confirming the possibility of safe and low-toxicity therapeutic use have led to recent approval in Portugal and other countries for the therapeutic use of cannabis-based medicines, preparations and substances. However, its clinical use is still very limited. In conclusion, despite the promising results of the use of medicinal cannabis in various pathologies, the clinical use of cannabinoids is still controversial, and further studies are required for its use in evidence-based clinical practice.
The medicinal properties of Cannabis sativa L. have been known since ancient times. The discovery of an endocannabinoid system, as well as significant scientific advances in recent years, has enabled the scientific community to better understand the pharmacological and synergistic actions, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of cannabinoids. A huge therapeutic potential of these substances has also been recognized, notably in the treatment of chronic pain, chemotherapy-associated symptomatology, spasticity, epilepsy, reduction of nausea and vomiting, appetite stimulation, glaucoma and Tourette's syndrome. Cannabis has also proven antitumor effects in different carcinogenic models through various mechanisms of proliferation inhibition, angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. Numerous studies confirming the possibility of safe and low-toxicity therapeutic use have led to recent approval in Portugal and other countries for the therapeutic use of cannabis-based medicines, preparations and substances. However, its clinical use is still very limited. In conclusion, despite the promising results of the use of medicinal cannabis in various pathologies, the clinical use of cannabinoids is still controversial, and further studies are required for its use in evidence-based clinical practice.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019
Palavras-chave
Canábis Fitocanabinóides Endocanabinóides Terapêuticas Antitumoral Mestrado Integrado - 2019