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O cerimonial na construção do Estado Moderno Portugal no concerto europeu (1640-1704)
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Depois do Primeiro de Dezembro de 1640, assumir um lugar na Europa tornou-se um verdadeiro imperativo nacional. Portugal tinha tido um estatuto internacional independente que a monarquia dual (1580-1640) lhe havia negado. Mas o Reino português, encabeçado pelo seu próprio Rei tinha um lugar na Europa. Um lugar que transcendia a sua localização no extremo ocidental do Velho Continente, na parte mais distante da Península Ibérica: uma periferia geográfica mas não um lugar cerimonial. O Cerimonial é, muitas vezes, isto mesmo: o lugar. A palavra francesa “rang” passa esta ideia de hierarquia, de posição relativa, de ordem que atribui a cada um o seu lugar. Essa posição não é somente a transposição do poderio militar, da grandeza populacional, da capacidade comercial ou da importância simbólica desse estado. É influenciada por todos estes factores, a dada altura da sua História. Mas o produto final, o lugar, é o resultado do cálculo feito com a ponderação de cada premissa numa fórmula que resulta do equilíbrio de poderes entre os Estados. O tempo da divisão do mundo, acordada entre Portugal e Castela e sancionada pela Santa Sé passara. Desse longínquo século até ao momento-zero da Dinastia Real dos Bragança, muito havia mudado; Portugal havia mudado. O único caminho para a recuperação da posição entre os estados era através de uma guerra sustentadora da aclamação real, da definição de quem (e como) exerceria o poder e de uma negociação de prestígio com os demais estados, recorrendo à diplomacia e à linguagem comum do Cerimonial. Desde a proclamação portuguesa de independência até à assunção da plenitude de capacidade internacional: a entrada na Guerra de Sucessão de Espanha.
Abstract: After the First of December 1640, reclaiming a position in Europe became a true national imperative. Portugal had had an independent international status that the dual monarchy (1580-1640) had denied. However, the Portuguese Kingdom, lead by its own King had a place in Europe. A place that transcended its place at the far end of the Old Continent, in the most distant part of the Iberian Peninsula: a geographical periphery, but not a ceremonial one. Ceremonial is, many times, precisely that: a place. The French word “rang” conveys that idea of hierarchy, of relative position, of order that gives, to each one, its place. That position is not only the transposition of military might, of population grandness, of commercial capacity or of the symbolic importance of that state. It is influenced by all these factors, at given times of its History. But the final product, the place, is the result of a calculation made by weighing each premise in a formula that results from the balance of powers among the States. The time for the division of the world agreed by Portugal and Castile and sanctioned by the Holy See had passed. From that faraway century to the zero-hour of the Braganza Royal Dynasty, much had changed; Portugal had changed. The only way to regain the position among the states was through a war sustaining the royal acclamation, the definition of who (and how) would exert power and of a prestige bargain with the other states, using diplomacy and the common tongue of ceremonial. From the Portuguese proclamation of autonomy to the assumption of its full international capacity: the entrance in the War of Spanish Succession.
Abstract: After the First of December 1640, reclaiming a position in Europe became a true national imperative. Portugal had had an independent international status that the dual monarchy (1580-1640) had denied. However, the Portuguese Kingdom, lead by its own King had a place in Europe. A place that transcended its place at the far end of the Old Continent, in the most distant part of the Iberian Peninsula: a geographical periphery, but not a ceremonial one. Ceremonial is, many times, precisely that: a place. The French word “rang” conveys that idea of hierarchy, of relative position, of order that gives, to each one, its place. That position is not only the transposition of military might, of population grandness, of commercial capacity or of the symbolic importance of that state. It is influenced by all these factors, at given times of its History. But the final product, the place, is the result of a calculation made by weighing each premise in a formula that results from the balance of powers among the States. The time for the division of the world agreed by Portugal and Castile and sanctioned by the Holy See had passed. From that faraway century to the zero-hour of the Braganza Royal Dynasty, much had changed; Portugal had changed. The only way to regain the position among the states was through a war sustaining the royal acclamation, the definition of who (and how) would exert power and of a prestige bargain with the other states, using diplomacy and the common tongue of ceremonial. From the Portuguese proclamation of autonomy to the assumption of its full international capacity: the entrance in the War of Spanish Succession.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, História das Relações Internacionais, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013
Palavras-chave
Portugal - Relações internacionais - 1640-1704 Diplomacia - Europa - séc.17 Protocolo diplomático - Europa - séc.17 Portugal - Política e governo - 1640-1704 Teses de mestrado - 2013