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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As consequências de uma inflação alta na vida das famílias são inevitavelmente negativas.
Contudo, a sua intensidade irá variar consoante diversos fatores e condições. Em Portugal,
numa situação económica caracterizada por uma inflação crescente, existem vários
contextos familiares.
O objetivo deste estudo é segmentar e caracterizar os agregados domésticos
privados em Portugal, dado um panorama de inflação. Para tal, foi aplicado um
questionário em junho de 2023 com a finalidade de recolher informações sobre a
disponibilidade financeira, o comportamento de consumo e de poupança e as expetativas
dos inquiridos, num período onde a subida generalizada dos preços já era sentida desde
2022. O questionário foi aplicado a uma amostra constituída por 1776 agregados
portugueses, e as respostas serviram de variáveis para a aplicação da análise de grupos.
Na análise de grupos, para definir as similaridades entre os agregados foi utilizada
a distância de Gower, uma vez que as variáveis resultantes do questionário são
categóricas. Foram testados sete métodos aglomerativos dentro do agrupamento
hierárquico, tendo-se concluído que o método de Ward apresenta os melhores resultados,
e que o número de grupos mais apropriado é cinco.
Para a caracterização dos grupos foram também conjugadas informações relativas
ao perfil demográfico e geográfico, bem como, sobre o consumo dos agregados.
Concluiu-se que existem claramente duas situações distintas entre os agregados, 41% está
menos impactado, e numa situação financeira relativamente mais favorecida, e os
restantes, 59%, evidentemente mais afetados pela inflação, e por isso numa condição mais
adversa. Para além da situação financeira geral dos agregados, estes grupos diferenciamse pelo tipo de restrições orçamentais que os agregados irão adotar, pelas preocupações
que demonstram para os próximos meses, e também pelo tipo de perfil de agregado que
mais se destaca em cada grupo.
The consequences of high inflation on families are inevitably negative. However, their intensity will vary depending on various factors and conditions. In Portugal, in an economic situation characterised by rising inflation, there are various family contexts. The aim of this study is to segment and characterise the private households in Portugal, given a scenario of inflation. To this end, a questionnaire was applied in June 2023 with the aim of collecting information on the financial availability, consumption and savings behaviour and expectations of the respondents, in a period where the general rise in prices had already been felt since 2022. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1,776 Portuguese households, and the answers served as variables for the application of the cluster analysis. In the cluster analysis, Gower's distance was used to define the similarities between the clusters, since the variables resulting from the questionnaire are categorical. Seven agglomerative methods were tested within the hierarchical grouping, the main conclusion being that the Ward method is the one with the best results and that the most appropriate number of groups is five. To characterise the groups, information on the demographic and geographical profile of the households, and on household consumption was also combined. The conclusion was that there are clearly two distinct situations among the households: 41% are in a relatively more favourable financial situation and less impacted, while the remaining, 59%, are evidently more affected by inflation and therefore in a more adverse situation. In addition to the general financial situation of the households, these groups are differentiated by the type of budgetary restrictions the households will adopt, the concerns they show for the coming months, and also by the type of household profile that stands out most in each group.
The consequences of high inflation on families are inevitably negative. However, their intensity will vary depending on various factors and conditions. In Portugal, in an economic situation characterised by rising inflation, there are various family contexts. The aim of this study is to segment and characterise the private households in Portugal, given a scenario of inflation. To this end, a questionnaire was applied in June 2023 with the aim of collecting information on the financial availability, consumption and savings behaviour and expectations of the respondents, in a period where the general rise in prices had already been felt since 2022. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1,776 Portuguese households, and the answers served as variables for the application of the cluster analysis. In the cluster analysis, Gower's distance was used to define the similarities between the clusters, since the variables resulting from the questionnaire are categorical. Seven agglomerative methods were tested within the hierarchical grouping, the main conclusion being that the Ward method is the one with the best results and that the most appropriate number of groups is five. To characterise the groups, information on the demographic and geographical profile of the households, and on household consumption was also combined. The conclusion was that there are clearly two distinct situations among the households: 41% are in a relatively more favourable financial situation and less impacted, while the remaining, 59%, are evidently more affected by inflation and therefore in a more adverse situation. In addition to the general financial situation of the households, these groups are differentiated by the type of budgetary restrictions the households will adopt, the concerns they show for the coming months, and also by the type of household profile that stands out most in each group.
Descrição
Mestrado Bolonha em Métodos Quantitativos para a Decisão Económica e Empresarial
Palavras-chave
Inflação Agregados Domésticos Situação Financeira Análise de Grupos Agrupamento Hierárquico Inflation Households Financial Situation Cluster Analysis Hierarchical Clustering
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Caseiro, Inês Delgado (2023). "Caracterização dos agregados domésticos portugueses num contexto de inflação: uma aplicação da análise de grupos". Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
