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A relevância processual penal dos depoimentos das vítimas menores de abusos sexuais
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Atualmente, a revelação dos crimes sexuais contra crianças e jovens tem aumentado significativamente devido a uma sociedade e a uma cultura menos tolerante a este tipo de crimes.
Dada a ausência de vestígios físicos e biológicos presentes na criança, a prova testemunhal verifica-se um meio de prova fundamental e, por vezes, o único no âmbito deste tipo de crimes.
Apesar de a prova testemunhal ter uma importância primordial na resolução de inúmeros casos e, embora inúmeros estudos reconheçam capacidade para testemunhar ao menor, as suas declarações continuam a ser alvo de controvérsias e encontram-se ainda associadas a diversos problemas nomeadamente, à sua capacidade mnésica, à mentira, à fantasia inerente ao seu desenvolvimento cognitivo, à sua vulnerabilidade à sugestionabilidade e à sua falta de desenvolvimento ao nível da linguagem e da compreensão das questões que lhe são colocadas.
Após a revisão processual penal de 2007, a inquirição da criança vítima de crimes sexuais passou a ser obrigatória na fase de inquérito através do regime das declarações para memória futura.
Este regime constitui uma exceção ao princípio da imediação e, apesar de as declarações serem recolhidas de acordo com o princípio da produção antecipada de prova, estas acarretam diversos problemas nomeadamente, no que diz respeito à repetição da sua inquirição, à incapacidade dos juízes em compreender o seu discurso, à sua falta de sensibilidade, à ausência de espaços adequados para proceder à inquirição, à escassez dos meios, à desorganização do sistema judicial e à morosidade dos processos.
Estas dificuldades geram a chamada vitimização secundária que terá um impacto nefasto na vida do menor.
Desta forma, e de modo a evitar que a criança seja também vítima do próprio sistema, é urgente alterar os procedimentos jurídicos que dizem respeito à sua inquirição e à respetiva valoração probatória pelo Tribunal.
Currently, the disclosure of sexual crimes against children and young people has increased significantly, due to a society and a culture that is less tolerant to this type of crimes. Due to the default of physical nad biological traces present in the child, the testimonial evidence is a fundamental mean of proof and, sometimes, the only one in the scope for this kind of crimes. Although testiominal evidence is paramout important in the resolution of numerous cases, and that, lots of studies recognizes the capacity of the minor to testify, his statements continue to be subject of controversy and are still associated with several problems, namely his mnesic capacity, lying, the fantasy inherent to his cognitive development, vulnerability to suggestibility and lack of development in terms of language and undestanding of the questions that he’s asked. After the 2007 revision of criminal procedure, questioning child victims has become mandatory in the inquiry phase through the regime of statements for future memory. This regime is an exception to the principle of immediacy and although statements are taken in accordance with the principle of anticipated production of evidence, they bring with them a certain number of problems, particularly with regard to repetead questioning, the inability of judges to undestand their speech, their lack of sensivity, the absence of adequate spaces for questioning, the scarcity of means, the disorganization of the judicial system and the duration of processes. These difficulties create a secondary victimization that will have a detrimental impact on the minor’s life. In this way, and in order to prevent the child from also being a victim of the system itself, it’s urgent to change the legal procedures regarding the questioning the child and the respective evidential evaluation by the Court.
Currently, the disclosure of sexual crimes against children and young people has increased significantly, due to a society and a culture that is less tolerant to this type of crimes. Due to the default of physical nad biological traces present in the child, the testimonial evidence is a fundamental mean of proof and, sometimes, the only one in the scope for this kind of crimes. Although testiominal evidence is paramout important in the resolution of numerous cases, and that, lots of studies recognizes the capacity of the minor to testify, his statements continue to be subject of controversy and are still associated with several problems, namely his mnesic capacity, lying, the fantasy inherent to his cognitive development, vulnerability to suggestibility and lack of development in terms of language and undestanding of the questions that he’s asked. After the 2007 revision of criminal procedure, questioning child victims has become mandatory in the inquiry phase through the regime of statements for future memory. This regime is an exception to the principle of immediacy and although statements are taken in accordance with the principle of anticipated production of evidence, they bring with them a certain number of problems, particularly with regard to repetead questioning, the inability of judges to undestand their speech, their lack of sensivity, the absence of adequate spaces for questioning, the scarcity of means, the disorganization of the judicial system and the duration of processes. These difficulties create a secondary victimization that will have a detrimental impact on the minor’s life. In this way, and in order to prevent the child from also being a victim of the system itself, it’s urgent to change the legal procedures regarding the questioning the child and the respective evidential evaluation by the Court.
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Crimes sexuais Menores Vitimização secundária Valor probatório Teses de mestrado - 2024 Sex crimes Minors Secondary victimization Probatory value