A carregar...
Publicação
O microbioma, a doença inflamatória intestinal e a alimentação
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 682.7 KB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O microbioma intestinal, dotado de uma complexa diversidade de microrganismos,
desempenha um papel essencial na manutenção da saúde do hospedeiro. A complexa interação
entre o microbioma, fatores genéticos, fatores ambientais e o sistema imunitário, revela-se
determinante no desenvolvimento e progressão da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal, uma
condição inflamatória crónica e recidivante do trato gastrointestinal, caracterizada por períodos
de exacerbação e remissão, cuja incidência tem aumentado nos últimos anos. A doença associa se à presença de inflamação progressiva, o que aumenta a probabilidade de complicações
extraintestinais, comprometendo a qualidade de vida do doente. A atividade e gravidade da
doença obrigam ao desenvolvimento de estratégias capazes de restaurar a homeostasia
intestinal, permitindo uma melhor gestão da mesma. Esta doença não apresenta cura conhecida,
logo a indução e remissão clínica com melhoria da taxa de cicatrização da mucosa, refletem o
objetivo primordial das abordagens terapêuticas já desenvolvidas. Além das abordagens
terapêuticas farmacológicas atualmente disponíveis, estratégias com base na microbiota
intestinal, como a utilização de probióticos, prebióticos, simbióticos, assim como a realização
de transplante de microbiota fecal, revelam igualmente a capacidade de indução e manutenção
da remissão da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal, com restauro da composição e diversidade da
microbiota intestinal. Todavia, torna-se necessária a realização de mais estudos nesta área, com
o objetivo de aprofundar conhecimentos relativos a aspetos fundamentais específicos,
nomeadamente ao nível da eficácia e segurança destas abordagens.
A microbiota intestinal de um indivíduo saudável mantém-se relativamente estável ao longo da
vida, no entanto, determinados fatores podem influenciar o seu equilíbrio. A alimentação
influencia a microbiota intestinal, refletindo a importância da correta escolha do regime
dietético mais adequando para o doente. O conceito de nutrição de precisão revela uma
abordagem promissora, uma vez que permite um acompanhamento personalizado baseado na
microbiota intestinal do doente, adaptando a dieta às suas necessidades, com decréscimo de
recaídas nutricionais e melhoria do estilo de vida. Atualmente, permanece a necessidade de
aprofundar, de forma robusta e rigorosa, os conhecimentos acerca da nutrição personalizada,
centrados na variabilidade interindividual característica da doença.
The gut microbiome, endowed with a complex diversity of micro-organisms plays an essential role in maintaining its host’s health. The complex interaction between the microbiome, genetic factors, environmental factors and the immune system is critical in the development and progression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, characterised by periods of exacerbation and remission, which has increased in recent years. The disease is associated with the presence of progressive inflammation, which increases the likelihood of extraintestinal complications, therefore, wavering the patient's quality of life. The activity and severity of the disease require the development of strategies capable of restoring intestinal homeostasis, allowing for better management of the disease. This disease has no known cure, therefore, clinical induction and remission with an improvement of the mucosal healing rate, reflect the primary objective of the therapeutic approaches developed. Alongside currently available pharmacological therapeutic approaches, gut microbiota-based strategies, such as gut microbiota, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, as well as transplantation of faecal microbiota, also validate the ability to induce and maintain the remission from Inflammatory Bowel Disease, with the restoration of the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. However, it is necessary to carry out further studies in this area to deepen knowledge regarding specific key aspects, namely regarding the efficacy and safety of these approaches. The gut microbiota of a healthy individual remains relatively stable throughout life, however, certain factors can influence its balance. Diet influences the intestinal microbiota, reflecting the importance of correctly choosing the dietary regime that is most appropriate for the patient. The concept of "precision nutrition" shows a promising approach as it enables personalised monitoring based on the patient's intestinal microbiota, adapting the diet to the patient's needs, having a decrease in nutritional relapses and improving lifestyle. Currently, the need remains to deepen, in a robust and rigorous way, the knowledge on personalised nutrition, focusing on the inter individual variability characteristic of the disease.
The gut microbiome, endowed with a complex diversity of micro-organisms plays an essential role in maintaining its host’s health. The complex interaction between the microbiome, genetic factors, environmental factors and the immune system is critical in the development and progression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, characterised by periods of exacerbation and remission, which has increased in recent years. The disease is associated with the presence of progressive inflammation, which increases the likelihood of extraintestinal complications, therefore, wavering the patient's quality of life. The activity and severity of the disease require the development of strategies capable of restoring intestinal homeostasis, allowing for better management of the disease. This disease has no known cure, therefore, clinical induction and remission with an improvement of the mucosal healing rate, reflect the primary objective of the therapeutic approaches developed. Alongside currently available pharmacological therapeutic approaches, gut microbiota-based strategies, such as gut microbiota, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, as well as transplantation of faecal microbiota, also validate the ability to induce and maintain the remission from Inflammatory Bowel Disease, with the restoration of the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. However, it is necessary to carry out further studies in this area to deepen knowledge regarding specific key aspects, namely regarding the efficacy and safety of these approaches. The gut microbiota of a healthy individual remains relatively stable throughout life, however, certain factors can influence its balance. Diet influences the intestinal microbiota, reflecting the importance of correctly choosing the dietary regime that is most appropriate for the patient. The concept of "precision nutrition" shows a promising approach as it enables personalised monitoring based on the patient's intestinal microbiota, adapting the diet to the patient's needs, having a decrease in nutritional relapses and improving lifestyle. Currently, the need remains to deepen, in a robust and rigorous way, the knowledge on personalised nutrition, focusing on the inter individual variability characteristic of the disease.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Microbioma intestinal Disbiose Doença inflamatória intestinal Colite ulcerosa Doença de Crohn Mestrado Integrado - 2023