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Hand hygiene in hospitals: anatomy of a revolution

dc.contributor.authorVermeil, T.
dc.contributor.authorPeters, A.
dc.contributor.authorKilpatrick, C.
dc.contributor.authorPires, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorAllegranzi, B.
dc.contributor.authorPittet, D.
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-05T14:41:54Z
dc.date.available2022-09-05T14:41:54Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description© 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Healthcare Infection Society.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. Performing hand hygiene is widely accepted as a key strategy of infection prevention and control (IPC) to prevent HAIs, as healthcare workers' contaminated hands are the vehicle most often implicated in the cross-transmission of pathogens in health care. Over the last 20 years, a paradigm shift has occurred in hand hygiene: the change from handwashing with soap and water to using alcohol-based hand rubs. In order to put this revolution into context and understand how such a change was able to be implemented across so many different cultures and geographic regions, it is useful to understand how the idea of hygiene in general, and hand hygiene specifically, developed. This paper aims to examine how ideas about hygiene and hand hygiene evolved from ancient to modern times, from a ubiquitous but local set of ideas to a global phenomenon. It reviews historical landmarks from the first known documented recipe for soap by the Babylon civilization to the discovery of chlorine, and significant contributions by pioneers such as Antoine Germain Labarraque, Alexander Gordon, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ignaz Philip Semmelweis, Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister. It recalls that handwashing with soap and water appeared in guidelines to prevent HAIs in the 1980s; describes why alcohol-based hand rub replaced this as the central tool for action within a multi-modal improvement strategy; and looks at how the World Health Organization and other committed stakeholders, governments and dedicated IPC staff are championing hand hygiene globally.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is supported by WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, and the Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety (SPCI/WCC), University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; hand hygiene research activities at SPCI/WCC are also supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 32003B_163262). Alexandra Peters is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Daniela Pires is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (32003B_163262) for hand hygiene research activities and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/SINT/95,317/2013).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationJ Hosp Infect. 2019 Apr;101(4):383-392pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jhin.2018.09.003pt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn1532-2939
dc.identifier.issn0195-6701
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/54311
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationSFRH/SINT/95,317/2013pt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-hospital-infectionpt_PT
dc.subjectAlcohol-based hand rubpt_PT
dc.subjectChlorinept_PT
dc.subjectHand hygienept_PT
dc.subjectHand sanitizerpt_PT
dc.subjectHandwashingpt_PT
dc.subjectHealthcare-associated infectionpt_PT
dc.subjectHistorypt_PT
dc.subjectHygienept_PT
dc.subjectInfection prevention and controlpt_PT
dc.subjectMulti-modal promotionpt_PT
dc.subjectPasteurpt_PT
dc.subjectPatient safetypt_PT
dc.subjectSemmelweispt_PT
dc.subjectSoappt_PT
dc.subjectStrategypt_PT
dc.subjectWorld Health Organizationpt_PT
dc.titleHand hygiene in hospitals: anatomy of a revolutionpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage392pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue4pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage383pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Hospital Infectionpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume101pt_PT
rcaap.rightsrestrictedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT

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