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Alterações na composição e na estrutura trófica das comunidades de peixes das areas marinhas protegidas da Ilha do Pessegueiro e Cabo Sardão após a proibição da pesca
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Resumo(s)
As áreas marinhas protegidas (AMPs) são cada vez mais recomendadas como ferramentas de gestão para a conservação da biodiversidade e dos recursos pesqueiros. Um dos grandes desafios atuais das AMPs é a compatibilização entre a conservação das espécies e a pesca sustentável, da qual a população mundial depende. Em Fevereiro de 2011, foram implementadas no Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina (PNSACV) as AMPs da Ilha do Pessegueiro e do Cabo Sardão, com consequente interdição das atividades piscatórias. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o impacto da proibição da pesca nas comunidades de peixes destas AMPs através do estudo das alterações na sua composição, estrutura e ecologia trófica. A avaliação foi feita com base na comparação de dados recolhidos em 2011/12 (início da implementação) e 2013 (após dois anos) nessas AMPs e respetivas áreas controlo adjacentes. Foram efetuadas quatro campanhas de amostragem (verões 2011 e 2013; invernos 2012 e 2013) com recurso a arrasto de portas e redes de tresmalho. Os exemplares recolhidos foram identificados, medidos e posteriormente foram analisados os respetivos conteúdos estomacais. Foram capturados 1740 indivíduos, analisados 1085 estômagos e identificados 1472 itens alimentares. Os resultados mostram alterações ao longo do tempo na riqueza específica, na abundância e na estrutura das comunidades das áreas protegidas quando comparadas com as áreas onde a pesca continuou a ser permitida, apesar do pouco tempo decorrido. As presas consumidas com maior frequência em ambas as AMPs foram os Crustáceos, não se tendo verificado, para já, alterações na ecologia trófica das comunidades em consequência da implementação destas medidas. Este trabalho contribuiu para avaliar a eficácia destas AMPs, apoiando a aplicação destas ferramentas de gestão noutros locais para, a longo prazo, recuperar populações exploradas comercialmente e manter espécies com interesse conservacionista, levando ao aumento global da biodiversidade.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly being recommended as management tool for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Currently, a main challenge for MPAs to is achieve compatibility between species conservation and sustainable fisheries, from which the world population depends on. In February 2011, the MPAs of Ilha do Pessegueiro and Cabo Sardão were implemented in Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Natural Park (PNSACV) with consequent fishing interdiction. In the present work the impact of the implementation of these MPAs on their fish communities was studied by evaluating changes on their composition, structure, and trophic ecology. With that purpose, MPAs and adjacent control areas were sampled in 2011/12 (immediately after implementation) and 2013 (two years after implementation). A total of 4 sampling campaigns were conducted (summer 2011, winter 2012, summer 2013 and winter 2013) by means of otter trawl and gillnets. Captured specimens were identified, measured and their stomach contents analysed. A total of 1740 individuals were captured, of which 1085 were analysed for stomach contents resulting on the identification of 1472 food items. Results reveal changes over time on species richness and abundance. Additionally, differences were observed on the community structure of the protected areas communities when compared with areas where fishing was still allowed, even though the small amount of time elapsed. The preys more frequently consumed in both MPAs were Crustaceans. However, changes in trophic ecology of these communities as a result of the implementation of these MPAs were not evident. This work has contributed to evaluate the effectiveness of these MPAs and, therefore, to support the implementation of these management tools. These measures can help the recovery of commercially explored fish populations as well as protect species with conservation interest, leading to a global biodiversity increase.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly being recommended as management tool for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Currently, a main challenge for MPAs to is achieve compatibility between species conservation and sustainable fisheries, from which the world population depends on. In February 2011, the MPAs of Ilha do Pessegueiro and Cabo Sardão were implemented in Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Natural Park (PNSACV) with consequent fishing interdiction. In the present work the impact of the implementation of these MPAs on their fish communities was studied by evaluating changes on their composition, structure, and trophic ecology. With that purpose, MPAs and adjacent control areas were sampled in 2011/12 (immediately after implementation) and 2013 (two years after implementation). A total of 4 sampling campaigns were conducted (summer 2011, winter 2012, summer 2013 and winter 2013) by means of otter trawl and gillnets. Captured specimens were identified, measured and their stomach contents analysed. A total of 1740 individuals were captured, of which 1085 were analysed for stomach contents resulting on the identification of 1472 food items. Results reveal changes over time on species richness and abundance. Additionally, differences were observed on the community structure of the protected areas communities when compared with areas where fishing was still allowed, even though the small amount of time elapsed. The preys more frequently consumed in both MPAs were Crustaceans. However, changes in trophic ecology of these communities as a result of the implementation of these MPAs were not evident. This work has contributed to evaluate the effectiveness of these MPAs and, therefore, to support the implementation of these management tools. These measures can help the recovery of commercially explored fish populations as well as protect species with conservation interest, leading to a global biodiversity increase.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Ecologia Marinha). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015
Palavras-chave
Pesca Gestão de recursos marinhos Ilha do Pessegueiro - Portugal Cabo Sardão - Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2015