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A influência da morfologia urbana no agravamento do conforto térmico em Lisboa durante a ocorrência de ondas de calor
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Na atualidade, os fenómenos de calor extremo e as ondas de calor são uma das
principais preocupações nas áreas urbanas devido ao seu impacto na população,
especialmente nas pessoas mais vulneráveis.
Na presente dissertação foi realizada uma caracterização detalhada do calor
extremo com componentes de morfologia urbana em Lisboa, através do estudo dos
impactos dos episódios de calor extremo nos diferentes climatopos de Lisboa. Foram
utilizados dados meteorológicos provenientes da estação meteorológica do Instituto
Geofísico D. Luís, da base de dados Copernicus Climate Change Service – Climate Data
Store, bem como dados de morfologia urbana referentes aos climatopos. Realizou-se
um estudo com os indicadores de calor extremo e de ondas de calor e analisou-se o
impacto de uma onda de calor no conforto térmico, através do estudo do UTCI durante
um evento de onda de calor de 5 a 11 de julho de 2013. Verificou-se que os climatopos
que parecem estar mais expostos ao calor são os que apresentam a densidade urbana
elevada, a frente ribeirinha da Baixa e o Parque das Nações. As áreas que aparentam
estar menos sujeitas ao calor são Monsanto e a área norte da cidade, sendo que os
fatores que mais contribuem para estes resultados são a ventilação, a morfologia urbana
e a vegetação. Quanto à população, compreendeu-se que a população idosa faz parte
de um dos grupos mais vulneráveis ao calor extremo e que muitas vezes residem em
habitações nas áreas mais densas que, devido à elevada idade, podem ser habitações
pouco adaptadas para o calor.
Por fim, esta temática tem uma grande relevância para o futuro, sendo desejável
prosseguir esta investigação para possibilitar a determinação do risco e a criação dum
índice de resposta ao calor da cidade.
Nowadays, extreme heat events and heat waves are a significant concern in urban areas due to their impact on the population, especially the most vulnerable. This dissertation has provided a detailed characterization of extreme heat with urban morphology components in Lisbon, through meteorological data from the meteorological station of the D. Luís Geophysical Institute, the Copernicus Climate Change Service - Climate Data Store database, as well as urban morphology data relating to the climatopes. In this study it was used the extreme heat and heat waves indicators and the impact of a heatwave on thermal comfort was also analyzed by studying the UTCI during a heatwave event from July 5 to 11, 2013. It was found that the climatopes which, in general, are the most exposed to heat are high urban density, the riverfront of Baixa and Parque das Nações. The areas that don’t seem to be so prone to heat are Monsanto and the northern area of the city, being the factors that contributed most to these results ventilation, urban morphology, and vegetation. As for the population, it was understood that the elderly population are one of the groups most vulnerable to extreme heat and that they often live in areas where they are more exposed to heat and that due to the high age of the dwellings in the denser areas, they may be dwellings with few conditions to cope with it. In short, as this subject is highly relevant for the future, it would be desirable to continue this research making it possible to determine the risk and create a heat response index for the city.
Nowadays, extreme heat events and heat waves are a significant concern in urban areas due to their impact on the population, especially the most vulnerable. This dissertation has provided a detailed characterization of extreme heat with urban morphology components in Lisbon, through meteorological data from the meteorological station of the D. Luís Geophysical Institute, the Copernicus Climate Change Service - Climate Data Store database, as well as urban morphology data relating to the climatopes. In this study it was used the extreme heat and heat waves indicators and the impact of a heatwave on thermal comfort was also analyzed by studying the UTCI during a heatwave event from July 5 to 11, 2013. It was found that the climatopes which, in general, are the most exposed to heat are high urban density, the riverfront of Baixa and Parque das Nações. The areas that don’t seem to be so prone to heat are Monsanto and the northern area of the city, being the factors that contributed most to these results ventilation, urban morphology, and vegetation. As for the population, it was understood that the elderly population are one of the groups most vulnerable to extreme heat and that they often live in areas where they are more exposed to heat and that due to the high age of the dwellings in the denser areas, they may be dwellings with few conditions to cope with it. In short, as this subject is highly relevant for the future, it would be desirable to continue this research making it possible to determine the risk and create a heat response index for the city.
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Palavras-chave
Calor extremo Climatopo UTCI Densidade urbana População vulnerável