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Resíduos de medicamentos e dispositivos médicos :
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Resíduo de medicamento é considerado qualquer produto farmacêutico que esteja fora do prazo de validade ou não tenha sido consumido na sua totalidade ao longo de todo o seu ciclo. Estes ao serem eliminados incorretamente representam riscos a nível ambiental e para a saúde humana.
O presente trabalho teve dois objetivos principais: identificar quais os sistemas de tratamento de resíduos de medicamentos existentes em Portugal, os tipos de resíduos que os mesmos abrangem e a sua acessibilidade ao cidadão, bem como explorar a opinião de uma amostra selecionada sobre o nível de aceitação da criação de um sistema de recolha de resíduos corto-perfurantes.
Para tal foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em diferentes bases de dados e motores de busca com diversas palavras-chave e restringida entre 2011-2022. Pela escassez de informação encontrada foi necessário proceder à pesquisa com palavras específicas relacionadas com o tema.
Foram encontradas soluções para a minimização do impacto de resíduos de medicamentos. Melhorar as práticas de prescrição médica, aumentar a consciencialização do uso responsável do medicamento e as práticas de farmácia verde, são medidas sustentáveis que devem ser adotadas.
O aumento da eficácia das técnicas de tratamento de ETAR ́s como por exemplo ultrafiltração, ozonização, entre outras, e os programas de recolha e tratamento destes resíduos pós consumo são duas formas de evitar a contaminação ambiental.
Em Portugal existe a VALORMED, sociedade gestora de resíduos de embalagens de medicamentos, no entanto, dispositivos médicos (DM) como o material corto perfurante não têm qualquer tratamento diferenciado em relação ao lixo doméstico, tornando-se assim uma questão problemática, uma vez que constituem um elevado risco para a saúde pública.
Neste âmbito foi realizado um trabalho de campo, através de um questionário, de modo a compreender as necessidades da população na criação de um programa de tratamento de resíduos corto perfurantes, a sua adesão e os locais mais propícios para proceder à sua recolha.
Os resultados refletem a necessidade anteriormente constatada como também indicam uma elevada disponibilidade da população para aderir a este tipo de programas. As mudanças comportamentais são o grande desafio para o sucesso destes programas de tratamento em que o farmacêutico será certamente um elemento “chave”.
Medicinal waste is considered to be any pharmaceutical product which is past its expiry date or has not been fully consumed throughout its cycle. When disposed of incorrectly they pose environmental and human health risks. The present work had two main objectives: to identify which medicine waste treatment systems exist in Portugal, the types of waste they cover and their accessibility to the citizen, as well as to explore the opinion of a selected sample on the level of acceptance of the creation of a collection system for cut-perforating waste. To this end, a bibliographic search was carried out in different databases and search engines, with several keywords, and restricted between 2011-2022. Due to the lack of available information, it was necessary to search with specific words related to the topic. Solutions for minimizing the impact of medication waste were found. Improving prescription practices, increasing awareness of the responsible use of medicine and green pharmacy practices are sustainable measures that should be adopted. Increasing the effectiveness of treatment techniques in wastewater treatment plants, such as ultrafiltration, ozonation, among others, and programmes for the collection and treatment of this post-consumption waste are two ways to avoid environmental contamination. In Portugal, there is VALORMED, society that manages medicine packaging waste, however, medical devices (MD) such as perforating devices do not have any differentiated treatment in relation to domestic waste, thus becoming a problematic issue, since they constitute a high risk for public health. In this context, a fieldwork was carried out, through a questionnaire, in order to understand the needs of the population in the creation of a programme for the treatment of sharp waste, its adherence and the most suitable places to collect it. The results reflect the need previously noted as well as indicating a high willingness of the population to adhere to this type of programme. The behavioural changes are the great challenge for the success of these treatment programmes in which the pharmacist will certainly be a "key" element.
Medicinal waste is considered to be any pharmaceutical product which is past its expiry date or has not been fully consumed throughout its cycle. When disposed of incorrectly they pose environmental and human health risks. The present work had two main objectives: to identify which medicine waste treatment systems exist in Portugal, the types of waste they cover and their accessibility to the citizen, as well as to explore the opinion of a selected sample on the level of acceptance of the creation of a collection system for cut-perforating waste. To this end, a bibliographic search was carried out in different databases and search engines, with several keywords, and restricted between 2011-2022. Due to the lack of available information, it was necessary to search with specific words related to the topic. Solutions for minimizing the impact of medication waste were found. Improving prescription practices, increasing awareness of the responsible use of medicine and green pharmacy practices are sustainable measures that should be adopted. Increasing the effectiveness of treatment techniques in wastewater treatment plants, such as ultrafiltration, ozonation, among others, and programmes for the collection and treatment of this post-consumption waste are two ways to avoid environmental contamination. In Portugal, there is VALORMED, society that manages medicine packaging waste, however, medical devices (MD) such as perforating devices do not have any differentiated treatment in relation to domestic waste, thus becoming a problematic issue, since they constitute a high risk for public health. In this context, a fieldwork was carried out, through a questionnaire, in order to understand the needs of the population in the creation of a programme for the treatment of sharp waste, its adherence and the most suitable places to collect it. The results reflect the need previously noted as well as indicating a high willingness of the population to adhere to this type of programme. The behavioural changes are the great challenge for the success of these treatment programmes in which the pharmacist will certainly be a "key" element.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Corto-perfurantes Dispositivos médicos Farmácia verde Medicamentos Sistemas de tratamento Mestrado Integrado - 2022