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Saúde e Género: um estudo baseado no Inquérito Nacional de Saúde
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Esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar os indicadores de saúde na população portuguesa,
numa perspectiva de género, a partir do 1º Inquérito Nacional de Saúde Exame Físico, realizado
em 2015 (INSEF-2015). Método: Foram utilizados dados do relatório do Inquérito Nacional
de Saúde (n=4911), que combina entrevista pessoal, colheita de sangue e exame físico. As
variáveis selecionadas dizem respeito ao estado de saúde (diabetes, tensão arterial alta,
colesterol total, excesso de peso e obesidade). Estas foram ligeiramente comparadas com os
Inquéritos Nacionais de Saúde de 2005/2006 e 2014, e com estudos anteriormente realizados
na população portuguesa sobre os dados dos últimos inquéritos. Resultados: No período
analisado (2005 – 2015), a diabetes foi mais prevalente entre os homens, enquanto a hipertensão
arterial alta foi mais prevalente entre as mulheres, exceto no inquérito no INSEF-2015. O
colesterol total foi investigado a nível nacional apenas no INSEF-2015, cujo resultado mostrou
uma pequena diferença entre homens e mulheres de 1 ponto percentual, tendo os homens maior
frequência. O excesso de peso e a obesidade tiveram um aumento de 1.9 ponto percentual do
inquérito de 2005/2006 para o inquérito de 2014. O excesso de peso ocorreu principalmente
entre as mulheres, essa diferença foi maior em comparação ao INSEF-2015, tendo os homens
com maior frequência de obesidade abdominal. Em conclusão, dentre as variáveis analisadas,
os dados INSEF-2015 aponta para maior prevalência entre os homens, e não entre as mulheres,
como mostram nas avaliações autorreportadas nos inquéritos anteriores que não tinham exame
físico. As mulheres são mais propensas a ter uma condição de saúde pior de acordo a
autoavaliação, o que pode ser um grande viés na saúde entre homens e mulheres na população
portuguesa.
This dissertation aimed to analyze health indicators in the Portuguese population, from a gender perspective, based on the 1st National Health Survey Physical Examination, carried out in 2015 (INSEF-2015). Method: data from the National Health Survey report (n=4911), which combines a personal interview, blood collection and physical examination, were used. The selected variables regarding health status (diabetes, high blood pressure, total cholesterol, overweight and obesity), were slightly compared with the National Health Surveys of 2005/2006 and 2014, and with studies previously carried out in the Portuguese population on data from the latest surveys. Results: in the analyzed period (2005/2006), diabetes was more prevalent among men, while high blood pressure was more prevalent among women, except in the INSEF-2015 survey. Total cholesterol was investigated at the national level only in INSEF- 2015, whose result showed a small difference between men and women that was 1 percentage point, with men having the highest frequency. Overweight and obesity increased by 1.9 percentage point from the 2005/2006 survey to the 2014 survey, mainly among women. This difference was greater compared to the INSEF-2015, with men having a higher frequency of abdominal obesity. In conclusion, among the analyzed variables, the INSEF-2015 data points to a higher prevalence among men, and not among women, as shown in self-reported assessments in previous surveys that did not have a physical examination. Women are more likely to have a worse health condition according to self-assessment, which can be a major health bias between men and women in the Portuguese population.
This dissertation aimed to analyze health indicators in the Portuguese population, from a gender perspective, based on the 1st National Health Survey Physical Examination, carried out in 2015 (INSEF-2015). Method: data from the National Health Survey report (n=4911), which combines a personal interview, blood collection and physical examination, were used. The selected variables regarding health status (diabetes, high blood pressure, total cholesterol, overweight and obesity), were slightly compared with the National Health Surveys of 2005/2006 and 2014, and with studies previously carried out in the Portuguese population on data from the latest surveys. Results: in the analyzed period (2005/2006), diabetes was more prevalent among men, while high blood pressure was more prevalent among women, except in the INSEF-2015 survey. Total cholesterol was investigated at the national level only in INSEF- 2015, whose result showed a small difference between men and women that was 1 percentage point, with men having the highest frequency. Overweight and obesity increased by 1.9 percentage point from the 2005/2006 survey to the 2014 survey, mainly among women. This difference was greater compared to the INSEF-2015, with men having a higher frequency of abdominal obesity. In conclusion, among the analyzed variables, the INSEF-2015 data points to a higher prevalence among men, and not among women, as shown in self-reported assessments in previous surveys that did not have a physical examination. Women are more likely to have a worse health condition according to self-assessment, which can be a major health bias between men and women in the Portuguese population.
Descrição
Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Sociedade, Risco e Saúde
Palavras-chave
Inquérito nacional de saúde; saúde e género; estado de saúde; saúde das populações; determinantes da saúde; National health survey; health and gender; health condition; populations health; health determinants.