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Technology based-exist signs vs social influence : a study im virtual reality
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O estudo do comportamento humano em situações críticas como incêndios ou
desastres naturais, perante a presença avisos e sinais de segurança é de extrema
importância. Contudo, eticamente não é correto expor as pessoas a situações de risco
apenas para avaliar o seu comportamento de consonância. Com a Realidade Virtual é
possível avaliar o comportamento humano e a eficácia dos sinais de saída de emergência
em situações críticas. Estudos anteriores usando realidade virtual (Vilar, Rebelo, Noriega,
Teixeira, et al., 2013) demonstraram que numa situação de emergência como um
incêndio, os sinais tradicionais ISO de saída de emergência eram preteridos por uma outra
saída que tinha uma affordance mais forte como por exemplo um corredor mais largo
e/ou com maior iluminação. Estudos posteriores provaram que um sinal dinâmico pode
contrariar os efeitos das affordances dos corredores como o brilho e a largura destes
(Vilar, Duarte, et al., 2014). Contudo, uma questão que não ficou resolvida no estudo
referido, era saber se o sinal dinâmico utilizado seria suficientemente forte para contrariar
os efeitos da influência social.
Assim, o objetivo da presente investigação é, utilizando a ferramenta da realidade
virtual, estudar como a influência social pode determinar ou não o processo de tomada de
decisão na escolha de uma rota de emergência, situação esta em que é colocado um sinal
dinâmico que contraria a direção seguida por uma pessoa (humano virtual - VH) que está
no ambiente virtual. Em suma, pretende-se saber se numa situação de emergência se uma
pessoa (VH) seguir em direção oposta ao sinal de emergência dinâmico, o participante na
experiência o segue ou decide antes seguir na direção do sinal dinâmico da saída de
emergência.
Neste estudo há 2 condições principais, com sinais dinâmicos direcionais de
segurança e sem sinais. Em ambas as condições, os participantes passavam por 12
iv
interseções de corredores (6 sem emergência – situação de quotidiano e 6 com emergência
– situação de emergência) e em 4 dessas 6 interseções havia um humano virtual a correr
para um lado e do outro lado encontravam-se as affordances (i.e., para a condição sem
sinais) e para a condição com sinais havia o humano virtual a correr para um lado e do
outro lado as affordances mais o sinal dinâmico de saída de emergência.
Quanto aos resultados deste estudo, na condição sem sinais a percentagem de
participantes que seguiram o humano virtual foi de 78.41% e não houve diferenças
estatisticamente significativas entre a condição de quotidiano e a de emergência.
Quanto à condição com sinais, 92.37% dos participantes seguiu a direção indicada
pelos sinais de emergência e também não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas
entre a condição de quotidiano e de emergência.
Concluindo, os sinais dinâmicos mostraram ser bastante fortes, conseguindo
anular quase por completo o efeito da influência social.
Palavras
The study of human behavior in critical situations such as fires or natural disasters, with the presence of warnings and safety signs is extremely important. However, ethically it is not correct to expose people to risky situations just to evaluate their behavioral consonance. With virtual reality, it is possible to evaluate human behavior and the effectiveness of emergency exit signs in critical situations. Previous studies using virtual reality (Vilar, Rebelo, Noriega, Teixeira, et al., 2013) demonstrated that in an emergency situation like a fire, the traditional ISO-type emergency exit signs were passed over by another exit that had a stronger affordance such as a wider and/or more illuminated corridor. Afterwards, some studies proved that a dynamic sign could counteract the effects of corridors’ affordances such as brightness and width (Vilar, Duarte, et al., 2014). However, an issue that was not solved in the referred study, was to know if the dynamic signal used would be strong enough to counteract the effects of social influence. Thus, the objective of the present investigation is, using the virtual reality tool, to study how social influence may or may not determine the decision-making process in choosing an emergency route, a situation in which a dynamic signal is placed that contradicts the direction followed by a person (virtual human – VH) who is in the virtual environment. In brief, it is intended to know if in an emergency situation if a person (VH) goes in the opposite direction to the dynamic emergency signal, the participant in the experiment follows the person or decides to go in the direction of the dynamic emergency exit signal. In the present study there are two main conditions, with dynamic directional safety signs and without signs. In both groups participants had to face 12 corridor intersections (6 without emergency – everyday situation and 6 with emergency – emergency situation) and in 4 of each 6 intersections there was a virtual human running to one side and in the vi other side there were the affordances (i.e. for the No-Signs group) and for Signs group the virtual human running to one side and in the other side the affordances plus the technology-based exit sign. In terms of results, in the no-signs condition the percentage of participants that followed the virtual human was 78.41% and there were no statistically significant differences. In the signs condition, 92.37% of the participants followed the direction indicated by the emergency exit signs and there were also no statistically significant differences between everyday and emergency situations. In conclusion, the dynamic signals proved to be quite strong, managing to almost completely annul the effect of social influence.
The study of human behavior in critical situations such as fires or natural disasters, with the presence of warnings and safety signs is extremely important. However, ethically it is not correct to expose people to risky situations just to evaluate their behavioral consonance. With virtual reality, it is possible to evaluate human behavior and the effectiveness of emergency exit signs in critical situations. Previous studies using virtual reality (Vilar, Rebelo, Noriega, Teixeira, et al., 2013) demonstrated that in an emergency situation like a fire, the traditional ISO-type emergency exit signs were passed over by another exit that had a stronger affordance such as a wider and/or more illuminated corridor. Afterwards, some studies proved that a dynamic sign could counteract the effects of corridors’ affordances such as brightness and width (Vilar, Duarte, et al., 2014). However, an issue that was not solved in the referred study, was to know if the dynamic signal used would be strong enough to counteract the effects of social influence. Thus, the objective of the present investigation is, using the virtual reality tool, to study how social influence may or may not determine the decision-making process in choosing an emergency route, a situation in which a dynamic signal is placed that contradicts the direction followed by a person (virtual human – VH) who is in the virtual environment. In brief, it is intended to know if in an emergency situation if a person (VH) goes in the opposite direction to the dynamic emergency signal, the participant in the experiment follows the person or decides to go in the direction of the dynamic emergency exit signal. In the present study there are two main conditions, with dynamic directional safety signs and without signs. In both groups participants had to face 12 corridor intersections (6 without emergency – everyday situation and 6 with emergency – emergency situation) and in 4 of each 6 intersections there was a virtual human running to one side and in the vi other side there were the affordances (i.e. for the No-Signs group) and for Signs group the virtual human running to one side and in the other side the affordances plus the technology-based exit sign. In terms of results, in the no-signs condition the percentage of participants that followed the virtual human was 78.41% and there were no statistically significant differences. In the signs condition, 92.37% of the participants followed the direction indicated by the emergency exit signs and there were also no statistically significant differences between everyday and emergency situations. In conclusion, the dynamic signals proved to be quite strong, managing to almost completely annul the effect of social influence.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Affordances Comportamento de consonância comportamental Desastres naturais Emergência Ética Humano virtual Influência social Realidade virtual Sinal dinâmico Situação de quotidiano Situações críticas Affordances Behavioral consonance behavior Critical situations Dynamic signal Emergency Ethic Everyday condition Natural disasters Social influence Virtual human Virtual reality