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Relação entre o mineral ósseo e parâmetro brutos da análise por impedância bioelétrica em atletas em fase pós-carreira com excesso de peso e obesidade
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Introdução: Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar a relação entre o Conteúdo Mineral Ósseo (CMO) e a Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO) com os parâmetros brutos da Análise Vetorial de Impedância Bioelétrica (BIVA); e comparar a BIVA Clássica e Específica em atletas em fase pós-carreira com excesso de peso e obesidade de acordo com o percentil do CMO e da DMO.
Métodos: Foram analisados 60 atletas em fase pós-carreira do sexo masculino e 32 do sexo feminino, com média de idades de 42,8 ± 9,9 anos e 43,5 ± 8,7 anos, respetivamente. Com recurso à Densitometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DXA), foram obtidos os valores de Massa Gorda (MG), Massa Isenta de Gordura (MIG), CMO e DMO. A Resistência (R), a Reactância (Xc) e o Ângulo de Fase (AnF) foram medidos com a Impedância Bioelétrica Espectral (BIS) (Xitron – 4200) a uma frequência de 50 kHz. Os percentis do CMO e da DMO foram calculados, considerando o sexo, idade e etnia de cada indivíduo, de acordo com National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). O gráfico R-Xc foi utilizado para analisar os vetores segundo os diferentes níveis (acima do percentil 50 versus abaixo ou no percentil 50) de CMO e de DMO.
Resultados: Para a amostra total verificou-se uma associação forte entre a R ajustada para a altura (R/H) com o CMO (r = - 0,705; p < 0,001) e a DMO (r = - 0,552; p < 0,001). Também o AnF apresentou correlações positivas moderadas com o CMO (r = 0,513; p < 0,001) e a DMO (r = 0,461; p < 0,001). Exclusivamente no sexo masculino, o CMO e a DMO estiveram negativamente correlacionados com a R/H (r = - 0,457, p < 0,001; r = - 0,365; p < 0,01, respetivamente). Quando considerados os dois grupos de composição corporal segundo os percentis, a R/H diferiu significativamente entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino (p < 0,05) e consequentemente a distribuição do vetor no gráfico R-Xc apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significas entre os dois grupos (p < 0,05).
Conclusão: Existe uma associação negativa entre a R/H com o CMO e a DMO no sexo masculino, mas não no feminino. Adicionalmente, a BIVA Clássica difere entre os atletas em fase pós-carreira do sexo masculino que se encontram acima e abaixo ou no percentil 50 para o CMO e DMO.
Introduction: The objectives of this study were to analyse the association between Bone Mineral Content (BMC) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) with the raw parameters of Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA); and to compare the Classic and Specific BIVA in former elite athletes with overweight and obesity according to BMC and BMD percentiles. Methods: Sixty male and 32 female former elite athletes were analysed, with a mean age of 42.8 ± 9.9 years and 43.5 ± 8.7 years, respectively. Using Dual Energy Radiological Densitometry (DXA), the Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM), BMC and BMD values were obtained. Resistance (R), Reactance (Xc) and Phase Angle (PhA) were measured using Multispectral Bioelectrical Impedance (BIS) (Xitron – 4200) at a frequency of 50 kHz. The BMC and BMD percentiles were calculated, considering the sex, age, and ethnicity of everyone, according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The R-Xc plot was used to analyse the vectors according to the different levels (above the 50th percentile versus below or at the 50th percentile) of BMC and BMD. Results: For the total sample, there was a strong association between height-adjusted R (R/H) and BMC (r = - 0.705; p < 0.001) and BMD (r = - 0.552; p < 0.001). PhA also showed moderate positive correlations with BMC (r = 0.513; p < 0.001) and with BMD (r = 0.461; p < 0.001). Exclusively in males, BMC and BMD were shown to be negatively correlated with R/H (r = - 0.457, p < 0.001; r = - 0.365; p < 0.01, respectively). When considering the two groups of body composition according to percentiles, the R/H differed significantly between males (p < 0.05) and consequently the vector distribution in the R-Xc graph showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a negative association between R/H and BMC and BMD in males, but not in females. Additionally, Classical BIVA differs between former elite male athletes who are above and below or in the 50th percentile for BMC and BMD.
Introduction: The objectives of this study were to analyse the association between Bone Mineral Content (BMC) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) with the raw parameters of Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA); and to compare the Classic and Specific BIVA in former elite athletes with overweight and obesity according to BMC and BMD percentiles. Methods: Sixty male and 32 female former elite athletes were analysed, with a mean age of 42.8 ± 9.9 years and 43.5 ± 8.7 years, respectively. Using Dual Energy Radiological Densitometry (DXA), the Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM), BMC and BMD values were obtained. Resistance (R), Reactance (Xc) and Phase Angle (PhA) were measured using Multispectral Bioelectrical Impedance (BIS) (Xitron – 4200) at a frequency of 50 kHz. The BMC and BMD percentiles were calculated, considering the sex, age, and ethnicity of everyone, according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The R-Xc plot was used to analyse the vectors according to the different levels (above the 50th percentile versus below or at the 50th percentile) of BMC and BMD. Results: For the total sample, there was a strong association between height-adjusted R (R/H) and BMC (r = - 0.705; p < 0.001) and BMD (r = - 0.552; p < 0.001). PhA also showed moderate positive correlations with BMC (r = 0.513; p < 0.001) and with BMD (r = 0.461; p < 0.001). Exclusively in males, BMC and BMD were shown to be negatively correlated with R/H (r = - 0.457, p < 0.001; r = - 0.365; p < 0.01, respectively). When considering the two groups of body composition according to percentiles, the R/H differed significantly between males (p < 0.05) and consequently the vector distribution in the R-Xc graph showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a negative association between R/H and BMC and BMD in males, but not in females. Additionally, Classical BIVA differs between former elite male athletes who are above and below or in the 50th percentile for BMC and BMD.
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Atletas em fase pós-carreira BIVA Conteúdo mineral ósseo Densitometria radiológica de dupla energia Excesso de peso Densidade mineral óssea Impedância bioelétrica Obesidade Reactância Resistência Bioimpedance BIVA Bone mineral content Bone mineral density Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Former athletes Obesity Overweight Reactance Resistance