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Fármacos para quelação de ferro e alumínio
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O objectivo desta monografia era analisar quais os fármacos utilizados actualmente nos casos de intoxicação por metais, nomeadamente ferro e alumínio, assim como os desenvolvimentos na investigação de novos fármacos para estas patologias. Para isso recorreu-se a artigos, na sua maioria, de revisão onde eram descritas as terapias mais apropriadas nos casos em que se verificava excesso de ferro ou alumínio no organismo. Estas patologias foram abordadas de uma forma resumida, de modo a enquadrar e ajudar a perceber o modo de acção dos fármacos. Para efeitos de pesquisa foram utilizadas, por exemplo, as seguintes palavras-chave: “deferoxamine”, “iron oveload”, “aluminum chelation”, “iron chelation”, “hemocromatosis” e “antitumor chelators”. Concluiu-se que, no geral, os fármacos que quelatam ferro também têm capacidade de o fazer com o alumínio. Verificou-se que actualmente o fármaco de primeira linha continua a ser a desferroxamina, apesar de existirem alternativas que podem ser administradas oralmente, nomeadamente o deferiprone e o deferasirox. Por outro lado, estes fármacos possuem a capacidade de gerar efeitos secundários mais graves que a desferroxamina. Em paralelo, continuam a ser investigadas várias moléculas na esperança de se obter alternativas, de preferência por via oral, e com menos efeitos secundários que os fármacos actualmente utilizados.
The aim of this monograph was to analyze which drugs are being used today to treat intoxication by metals, more specifically by iron and aluminum; and also to enlighten the recent developments to find new drugs for these pathologies. In order to do so, scientific papers were used; mostly reviews that described which therapy should be used in each case, depending on the metal in excess. The various pathologies originated from these intoxications were briefly presented, in order to help the understanding of who these drugs take action in the human body. To research the papers these keywords were used: “deferoxamine”, “iron overload”, “aluminum chelation”, “iron chelation”, “hemochromatosis” and “antitumor chelators”. It was verified that today the first-line drug to be used in these situations is still deferoxamine, even though there are some alternatives with oral bioavailability, like deferasirox or deferiprone. On the other and these newer drugs can cause more serious side effects than deferoxamine. At the same time, there are a lot of other molecules still being researched, in order to find alternatives to the drugs used today, if possible with oral bioavailability, and with fewer side effects.
The aim of this monograph was to analyze which drugs are being used today to treat intoxication by metals, more specifically by iron and aluminum; and also to enlighten the recent developments to find new drugs for these pathologies. In order to do so, scientific papers were used; mostly reviews that described which therapy should be used in each case, depending on the metal in excess. The various pathologies originated from these intoxications were briefly presented, in order to help the understanding of who these drugs take action in the human body. To research the papers these keywords were used: “deferoxamine”, “iron overload”, “aluminum chelation”, “iron chelation”, “hemochromatosis” and “antitumor chelators”. It was verified that today the first-line drug to be used in these situations is still deferoxamine, even though there are some alternatives with oral bioavailability, like deferasirox or deferiprone. On the other and these newer drugs can cause more serious side effects than deferoxamine. At the same time, there are a lot of other molecules still being researched, in order to find alternatives to the drugs used today, if possible with oral bioavailability, and with fewer side effects.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2013
Palavras-chave
Mestrado Integrado - 2013