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Prevalência de má-oclusão e fatores associados numa população pré-escolar do concelho de Lisboa
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Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de má-oclusão e principais fatores associados à mesma. Materiais e métodos: A população-alvo foi constituída por crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 5 anos, que frequentavam quatro jardins de infância do concelho de Lisboa. A recolha de dados foi realizada através de um questionário aos pais e de um exame intraoral às crianças. O questionário permitiu a obtenção de informação sociodemográfica, de saúde geral, hábitos orais, alimentares e respiratórios. O exame intraoral possibilitou a recolha de dados oclusais e de cárie. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 89 crianças. Obteve-se uma prevalência de má-oclusão de 83,9%, sendo os tipos mais prevalentes, o apinhamento e a distoclusão. A maioria das crianças (68,2%) apresentava hábitos de sucção não-nutritivos, sendo o uso de chucha o mais frequente (81,6%). O hábito de usar chucha após os três anos verificou-se em 67,8% dos participantes. Grande parte das crianças (70,8%) foi amamentada em exclusivo até aos 6 meses e 79,5% usaram o biberão. A permanência deste hábito após os dois anos ocorreu em 34,1% das crianças. A maior parte dos participantes possuía respiração oro-nasal, não tinha hábitos parafuncionais nem lesões de cárie ou perda precoce de dentes. As variáveis estatisticamente associadas à prevalência de má-oclusão (p<0,05) foram a idade, nível de instrução da mãe, hábitos de sucção, uso de chucha, chuchar no dedo, introdução de alimentos menos triturados entre os 9-12 meses, ranger ou apertar os dentes e a presença de cárie ou perda precoce de dentes decíduos. Conclusões: Tendo em conta que a prevalência de má-oclusão na população estudada se revelou elevada e que a existência de vários hábitos deletérios era frequente, odiagnóstico e a intervenção precoces são importantes de modo a evitar alteraçõesestruturais e funcionais que perdurem.
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of malocclusion and its main determinants. Materials and Methods: The population of the study was children aged between 3 and 5 years old, attending four kindergartens in Lisbon. Data collection was performed through a survey to the parents and an intraoral examination of the children. The questionnaire allowed the gathering of sociodemographic, general health, oral, alimentary and respiratory data. The intraoral examination was used to collect occlusal and caries data. Results: The sample consisted of 89 children. The prevalence of malocclusion was present in 83.9%, with the most prevalent types being crowding and distocclusion. Most of the children (68.2%) presented non-nutritive sucking habits, with the use of pacifier displaying the highest frequency (81.6%). The use of pacifier after three years old was verified in 67.8% of the participants. Most of the children (70.8%) were exclusively breastfed up to 6 months, and 79.5% used the bottle. The persistence of this habit after two years of age occurred in 34.1% of the children. Most of the children had nose breathing, had no parafunctional habits and had neither caries lesions nor early loss of teeth. The variables that were statistically associated with the prevalence of malocclusion (p<0.05) were age, mother's education level, suction habits, use of pacifier, digital suction, introduction of less blended diet between 9-12 months, grinding or clenching the teeth, and presence of caries or early loss of deciduous teeth. Conclusion: Considering that the prevalence of malocclusion in the studied population was high and that the existence of various deleterious habits was frequent, early diagnosis and intervention are important in order to avoid lasting structural and functional alterations.
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of malocclusion and its main determinants. Materials and Methods: The population of the study was children aged between 3 and 5 years old, attending four kindergartens in Lisbon. Data collection was performed through a survey to the parents and an intraoral examination of the children. The questionnaire allowed the gathering of sociodemographic, general health, oral, alimentary and respiratory data. The intraoral examination was used to collect occlusal and caries data. Results: The sample consisted of 89 children. The prevalence of malocclusion was present in 83.9%, with the most prevalent types being crowding and distocclusion. Most of the children (68.2%) presented non-nutritive sucking habits, with the use of pacifier displaying the highest frequency (81.6%). The use of pacifier after three years old was verified in 67.8% of the participants. Most of the children (70.8%) were exclusively breastfed up to 6 months, and 79.5% used the bottle. The persistence of this habit after two years of age occurred in 34.1% of the children. Most of the children had nose breathing, had no parafunctional habits and had neither caries lesions nor early loss of teeth. The variables that were statistically associated with the prevalence of malocclusion (p<0.05) were age, mother's education level, suction habits, use of pacifier, digital suction, introduction of less blended diet between 9-12 months, grinding or clenching the teeth, and presence of caries or early loss of deciduous teeth. Conclusion: Considering that the prevalence of malocclusion in the studied population was high and that the existence of various deleterious habits was frequent, early diagnosis and intervention are important in order to avoid lasting structural and functional alterations.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2018
Palavras-chave
Saúde oral Oclusão Hábitos orais Teses de mestrado - 2018