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Representações de self e da família : estudo comparativo entre jovens com contexto familiar normativo e em contexto de acolhimento institucional
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O presente estudo visa analisar de que forma as especificidades do desenvolvimento psicológico de jovens institucionalizados, designadamente as circunstâncias de disfuncionalidade e de ruptura dos vínculos familiares, estão associadas a um aumento de factores de risco, nas linhas da representação do self e de família, e a sua potencial associação a sinais de sofrimento psicológico e sintomas psicopatológicos.
Considerando as perspectivas teóricas que enfatizam, por um lado, a importância dos sistemas e dos contextos relacionais, e por outro os múltiplos factores de risco e de protecção associados aos percursos de desenvolvimento, o ponto de partida desta investigação assenta na visão das representações do self e de família enquanto um conceito nuclear do desenvolvimento psicológico, construído no contexto dos vínculos e das relações primárias na infância que vai influenciar o carácter adaptativo das trajectórias de desenvolvimento ao longo do ciclo de vida.
Para este efeito, procedeu-se a uma comparação de duas amostras, i.e. uma de jovens em acolhimento institucional (N = 19) e outra de jovens em situação familiar normativa (N = 19), através de uma análise de dados obtidos a partir de metodologias qualitativas de construção de narrativas sobre representações de família (Family Apperception Test de Sotile, W., Julian III, A., Henry, S. & Sotile, M., 1999) e de dados obtidos a partir de metodologias quantitativas, designadamente de instrumentos estandardizados de avaliação de percepções do Self (Tennessee Self Concept Scale) e de personalidade e psicopatologia (Minnessota Multifasic Personality Inventory: MMPI-A, Butcher et al., 1992) e respectivas dimensões PSY-5, (McNulty, Harkness, Ben-Porath, & Williams, 1997).
Os jovens da amostra em contexto de acolhimento institucional apresentaram maiores fragilidades nas representações do Self e da Família, bem como maiores níveis de sofrimento psicológico. Ao nível do autoconceito, verificou-se uma tendência na percepção de si entre níveis médios normativos e níveis negativos. Nas representações de Família, evidenciaram-se dificuldades, reflectidas em estratégias de resolução do conflito ineficazes, uma percepção do clima familiar enquanto tendencialmente negativo, pautado por relações desligadas e rigidez no afecto, e uma incompetência no desempenho das funções parentais. Ao nível das dimensões de personalidade e sintomas psicopatológicos, mais de metade da amostra apresentou níveis elevados de sintomatologia clínica e perturbações de personalidade.
The present study means to analyse the way that the specifics of the psichological development of institutionalized children, namely the circumstances of difunctionality and rupture of family bonds, are associated with risk factors, in the lines of representation of the self and family, and it’s potential association with signs of psichological suffering and psichopathological symptoms. Considering the theoretical perspectives which enphasize, on one hand, the importance of the relational systems and contexts, and on the other, the multiple risk and protection factors associated with the development pathways (Psychopathology of Development), the starting point of this investigation lies in the view of the representation of self and family as a nuclear concept of psychological development, built in the context of the bonds and the primary relationships in infancy, which will influence the adaptative character of the development trajectories throughout the life cycle. To achieve this objective, two samples were compared, i.e. a sample of institutionalized youths (N = 19) and a sample of youths living in a normative family situation (N = 19), through an analisys of data obtained through qualitative methods of construction of family representation narratives (Family Apperception Test, by Sotile, W., Julian III, A., Henry, S. & Soltile, M., 1999) and data obtained through quantitative methods, namely through standartized instruments of Self perception evaluation (Tennessee Self Concept Scale) and personality and psychopathology (Minnessota Multifasic Personality Inventory: MMPI-A, Butcher et al., 1992) and respective PSY-5 dimensions (McNulty, Harkness, Ben-Porath & Williams, 1997). The institutionalized youths show bigger frailties in the representation of Self and family, as well as bigger levels of psychological suffering. Regarding self-concept, a tendency towards normative and negative levels of self-perception was observed. In the case of Family representations, difficulties were identified, which are reflected in innefective conflict-resolution strategies, a tendency towards a negative family environment perception, ruled by disconnected relationships and inflexibility in affection, as well as an incompetence in the handling of parental functions. Regarding personality dimensions and psychopathological symptoms, the better part of half of the sample has shown high levels of clinical symptoms and personality disorders.
The present study means to analyse the way that the specifics of the psichological development of institutionalized children, namely the circumstances of difunctionality and rupture of family bonds, are associated with risk factors, in the lines of representation of the self and family, and it’s potential association with signs of psichological suffering and psichopathological symptoms. Considering the theoretical perspectives which enphasize, on one hand, the importance of the relational systems and contexts, and on the other, the multiple risk and protection factors associated with the development pathways (Psychopathology of Development), the starting point of this investigation lies in the view of the representation of self and family as a nuclear concept of psychological development, built in the context of the bonds and the primary relationships in infancy, which will influence the adaptative character of the development trajectories throughout the life cycle. To achieve this objective, two samples were compared, i.e. a sample of institutionalized youths (N = 19) and a sample of youths living in a normative family situation (N = 19), through an analisys of data obtained through qualitative methods of construction of family representation narratives (Family Apperception Test, by Sotile, W., Julian III, A., Henry, S. & Soltile, M., 1999) and data obtained through quantitative methods, namely through standartized instruments of Self perception evaluation (Tennessee Self Concept Scale) and personality and psychopathology (Minnessota Multifasic Personality Inventory: MMPI-A, Butcher et al., 1992) and respective PSY-5 dimensions (McNulty, Harkness, Ben-Porath & Williams, 1997). The institutionalized youths show bigger frailties in the representation of Self and family, as well as bigger levels of psychological suffering. Regarding self-concept, a tendency towards normative and negative levels of self-perception was observed. In the case of Family representations, difficulties were identified, which are reflected in innefective conflict-resolution strategies, a tendency towards a negative family environment perception, ruled by disconnected relationships and inflexibility in affection, as well as an incompetence in the handling of parental functions. Regarding personality dimensions and psychopathological symptoms, the better part of half of the sample has shown high levels of clinical symptoms and personality disorders.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Sistémica), 2014
Palavras-chave
Self Personalidade humana Psicopatologia MMPI-A Teses de mestrado - 2014