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A intervenção dos tribunais estaduais na arbitragem voluntária
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A presente dissertação de Mestrado em Direito e Prática Jurídica, realizada na área das Ciências Jurídico-Empresariais, visa proceder à análise das intervenções dos tribunais estaduais competentes no contexto do Direito da Arbitragem, delimitando o tema ao Direito português da Arbitragem. A convenção de arbitragem tem um duplo efeito: um positivo, que atribui competência aos tribunais arbitrais para julgar um determinado litígio, e um negativo, que torna os tribunais estaduais incompetentes para o seu julgamento. Parece assim, à primeira vista, que a opção por um destes meios de resolução de conflitos – a arbitragem - implicará a abstenção e a exclusão do outro, bloqueando, com essa decisão, a intervenção do tribunal estadual. No entanto, essa possibilidade de optar por um de entre vários meios de resolução de litígios foi criada pela lei, que também delegou essas competências. Não obstante, o Estado não foi capaz de deixar que os seus órgãos judiciais, os tribunais estaduais, ficassem completamente à margem do que se passa no contexto da arbitragem. As relações entre o tribunal arbitral e o tribunal estadual existem e iremos analisar os vários momentos em que o tribunal estadual pode ser chamado a intervir na arbitragem, começando mesmo antes do início do processo arbitral até depois deste estar já finalizado, sendo transversais a todo o procedimento. É principalmente com dois grandes tipos de funções com que os tribunais intervêm na Arbitragem voluntária: primeiramente uma função de apoio ou colaboração e depois uma função de controlo efetivo. Existem ainda funções cujo intuito não pode ser tão rigorosamente definido, mas que não deixaremos de analisar. A primeira função, que será auxiliadora, visa ajudar o processo de arbitragem e as partes nela envolvidas, na prossecução do seu fim: uma decisão justa, integra e célere que conclua o litígio que se decidiu submeter à arbitragem. A segunda função, controladora, que é pedida pelas partes, se dela necessitarem, vindo o Estado, munido do seu poder, para assegurar o verdadeiro sentido e fim visados pela arbitragem. É a Lei da Arbitragem Voluntária que coloca ao dispor do árbitro e das partes as funcionalidades do poder judicial, obrigando e limitando simultaneamente, e indicando a forma como este pode ser usado. Mas nunca descurando, no entanto, a autonomia da arbitragem e a vontade das partes, sem o que se perderia o verdadeiro sentido da existência deste meio de resolução de conflitos, que, pensamos, urge fomentar e desenvolver.
Nesta análise das funções com que os tribunais estaduais intervêm na arbitragem, procuraremos sistematizá-las uma a uma, fazendo breves introduções às fases da arbitragem em que terão lugar, levantando questões relativas àquelas, procurando concluir, ou não, por uma verdadeira autonomia da arbitragem.
The present Master's Dissertation in Law and Legal Practice (Legal and Business) aims to analyse the interventions of the competent State courts in the context of Arbitration Law, limiting is scope to the Portuguese Arbitration Law. The Arbitration Convention has a double effect: a positive one, granting to the arbitral tribunals jurisdiction to settle a particular dispute and a negative one, makes the state courts incompetent for their judgment. It seems, at first sight, that the option for one of these means of conflict resolution - arbitration - will entail abstention and exclusion of the other, blocking, with this decision, the intervention of the State court. However, this possibility of choosing one of several means of settling disputes was created by Law, in which these powers were delegated. Notwithstanding, the State was not able to let its judicial bodies, the State courts, to be completely out of arbitration. The relationships between the arbitral tribunal and the State court exist and we will analyse the various moments in which the State court may be called upon to intervene within Arbitration, beginning even before the arbitration process starts until after it has already been finalised, being transversal to all procedure. It is mainly with two major types of functions in which the courts intervene in voluntary arbitration: primarily, a function of support or collaboration and afterwards an effective control function. There are also functions whose purpose cannot be so strictly defined, which will also be analysed. The first function, which is of collaboration, consists in assisting with the arbitration procedure and the parties involved in it, in the pursuit of its purpose: a fair, whole and quick decision to conclude the dispute that it has decided to submit to arbitration. The second function is of control, which is requested by the parties, if they need it, resulting in the State with its power ensuring the true meaning and purpose of the arbitration. It is the Voluntary Arbitration Law that puts at the disposal of the arbitrator and the parties the functionalities of the judicial power, obliging and limiting simultaneously, and indicating how it can be used. Notwithstanding, it never neglects the autonomy of arbitration and the will of the parties, without which the true meaning of the existence of this means of conflict resolution, which we believe should be encouraged and developed, would be lost. In this analysis of the functions with which the State courts intervene in arbitration, we will try to systematise them one by one, while making brief introductions to the arbitration phases in which they will take place and raising questions about them, seeking to conclude, or not, by a true autonomy of arbitration.
The present Master's Dissertation in Law and Legal Practice (Legal and Business) aims to analyse the interventions of the competent State courts in the context of Arbitration Law, limiting is scope to the Portuguese Arbitration Law. The Arbitration Convention has a double effect: a positive one, granting to the arbitral tribunals jurisdiction to settle a particular dispute and a negative one, makes the state courts incompetent for their judgment. It seems, at first sight, that the option for one of these means of conflict resolution - arbitration - will entail abstention and exclusion of the other, blocking, with this decision, the intervention of the State court. However, this possibility of choosing one of several means of settling disputes was created by Law, in which these powers were delegated. Notwithstanding, the State was not able to let its judicial bodies, the State courts, to be completely out of arbitration. The relationships between the arbitral tribunal and the State court exist and we will analyse the various moments in which the State court may be called upon to intervene within Arbitration, beginning even before the arbitration process starts until after it has already been finalised, being transversal to all procedure. It is mainly with two major types of functions in which the courts intervene in voluntary arbitration: primarily, a function of support or collaboration and afterwards an effective control function. There are also functions whose purpose cannot be so strictly defined, which will also be analysed. The first function, which is of collaboration, consists in assisting with the arbitration procedure and the parties involved in it, in the pursuit of its purpose: a fair, whole and quick decision to conclude the dispute that it has decided to submit to arbitration. The second function is of control, which is requested by the parties, if they need it, resulting in the State with its power ensuring the true meaning and purpose of the arbitration. It is the Voluntary Arbitration Law that puts at the disposal of the arbitrator and the parties the functionalities of the judicial power, obliging and limiting simultaneously, and indicating how it can be used. Notwithstanding, it never neglects the autonomy of arbitration and the will of the parties, without which the true meaning of the existence of this means of conflict resolution, which we believe should be encouraged and developed, would be lost. In this analysis of the functions with which the State courts intervene in arbitration, we will try to systematise them one by one, while making brief introductions to the arbitration phases in which they will take place and raising questions about them, seeking to conclude, or not, by a true autonomy of arbitration.
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Arbitragem Tribunal arbitral Intervenção judicial Controlo Teses de mestrado - 2019