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A dinâmica calvinista aplicada na igreja escocesa do século XVII - exemplos práticos
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O presente relatório final de estágio pretende apresentar a dinâmica calvinista na igreja escocesa no século XVII. Por isso, para compreender melhor este tema, é necessá-rio explicar a estrutura deste relatório final de estágio, que está dividido em três partes.
A primeira é a apresentação e descrição de forma geral da Reforma Protestante, de modo a compreender, o nascimento da igreja Calvinista. Este processo inicia-se com a apresentação da pessoa de Martinho Lutero e a afixação das noventa e cinco teses na Catedral de Wittenberg , facto que vai permitir uma reforma religiosa na Cristandade europeia com o surgimento das três principais igrejas protestantes: a Igreja Luterana com bases na teologia e pensamento de Martinho Lutero, a Igreja Calvinista com bases na teologia de João Calvino e a Igreja Anglicana que nasce através de uma questão politica entre o monarca Inglês , Henrique VIII e o papado. O rei pretendia divorciar-se e como esse desejo foi contrariado pelo papa, ele iniciou a rutura que lhe permitiu tornar-se o chefe máximo da igreja anglicana.
O segundo ponto que constitui este relatório final é o aprofundamento da teologia Calvinista. Como o tema deste trabalho reside na análise da dinâmica calvinista na igreja escocesa do século XVII, torna-se importante apresentar o pensamento teológico de João Calvino através da análise das Institutas da religião cristã, uma das suas obras.
O terceiro ponto deste relatório final consiste na apresentação da igreja escocesa e aborda o nascimento da igreja presbiteriana de pensamento calvinista, e também o sur-gimento de outro grupo religioso, também de base calvinista, os puritanos. Será mostrado de que forma esta dinâmica religiosa era diferente do calvinismo de João Calvino e como conseguiu expandir-se para outras áreas geográficas, como a Inglaterra, que era um reino anglicano, mas terá como governante um puritano, como Oliver Cromwell. Outra corrente do pensamento religioso surge associada a John Knox que levou para a Escócia a sua visão pessoal do calvinismo.
No que se refere à prática letiva, além de abordar a Reforma Protestante nas suas origens, razões e correntes, também apresentei o Absolutismo português no período de D. João V e a Recusa do Absolutismo na Inglaterra.
This final internship report aims to present the Calvinist dynamics in the Scottish church in the 17th century. Therefore, to better understand this topic, it is necessary to explain the structure of this final internship report, which is divided into three parts. The first is the presentation and general description of the Protestant Reformation, in order to understand the birth of the Calvinist church. This process begins with the presentation of Martin Luther and the posting of the ninety-five theses in Wittenberg Ca-thedral, a fact that will allow a religious reform in European Christianity with the emer-gence of the three main Protestant churches: the Lutheran Church based on Martin Lu-ther's theology and thought, the Calvinist Church based on John Calvin's theology, and the Anglican Church, which was born through a political issue between the English mon-arch, Henry VIII and the papacy. The king wanted to get divorced and as this desire was opposed by the pope, he started the rupture that allowed him to become the maximum head of the Anglican church. The second point that constitutes this final report is the deepening of Calvinist theology. Since the theme of this paper lies in the analysis of Calvinist dynamics in the seventeenth-century Scottish church, it becomes important to present the theological thought of John Calvin through the analysis of the Institutes of the Christian Religion, one of his works. The third point of this final report consists in the presentation of the Scottish church and addresses the birth of the Presbyterian church of Calvinist thought, and also the emergence of another religious group, also Calvinist-based, the Puritans. It will be shown how this religious dynamic was different from the Calvinism of John Calvin and how it managed to expand to other geographical areas, such as England, which was an Anglican kingdom, but had as ruler a Puritan, such as Oliver Cromwell. Another stream of religious thought arises associated with John Knox who took his personal view of Cal-vinism to Scotland. As far as teaching practice is concerned, besides dealing with the Protestant Refor-mation in its origins, reasons and currents, I also presented the Portuguese Absolutism in the period of King John V and the Refusal of Absolutism in England.
This final internship report aims to present the Calvinist dynamics in the Scottish church in the 17th century. Therefore, to better understand this topic, it is necessary to explain the structure of this final internship report, which is divided into three parts. The first is the presentation and general description of the Protestant Reformation, in order to understand the birth of the Calvinist church. This process begins with the presentation of Martin Luther and the posting of the ninety-five theses in Wittenberg Ca-thedral, a fact that will allow a religious reform in European Christianity with the emer-gence of the three main Protestant churches: the Lutheran Church based on Martin Lu-ther's theology and thought, the Calvinist Church based on John Calvin's theology, and the Anglican Church, which was born through a political issue between the English mon-arch, Henry VIII and the papacy. The king wanted to get divorced and as this desire was opposed by the pope, he started the rupture that allowed him to become the maximum head of the Anglican church. The second point that constitutes this final report is the deepening of Calvinist theology. Since the theme of this paper lies in the analysis of Calvinist dynamics in the seventeenth-century Scottish church, it becomes important to present the theological thought of John Calvin through the analysis of the Institutes of the Christian Religion, one of his works. The third point of this final report consists in the presentation of the Scottish church and addresses the birth of the Presbyterian church of Calvinist thought, and also the emergence of another religious group, also Calvinist-based, the Puritans. It will be shown how this religious dynamic was different from the Calvinism of John Calvin and how it managed to expand to other geographical areas, such as England, which was an Anglican kingdom, but had as ruler a Puritan, such as Oliver Cromwell. Another stream of religious thought arises associated with John Knox who took his personal view of Cal-vinism to Scotland. As far as teaching practice is concerned, besides dealing with the Protestant Refor-mation in its origins, reasons and currents, I also presented the Portuguese Absolutism in the period of King John V and the Refusal of Absolutism in England.
Descrição
Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da História no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2021
Palavras-chave
Calvinismo Luteranismo Reforma protestante História - Estudo e ensino Relatórios da prática de ensino supervisionada - 2021