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Fundamentos neurobiológicos da sobredotação e patologia associada : investigação básica
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Introdução: O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender quais os modelos explicativos sobre as bases neurobiológicas da sobredotação, de forma a perceber se existe uma via comum de neuropatologia entre sobredotação-doença orgânica. Foi igualmente levada a cabo uma investigação básica com as crianças da Associação Nacional de Intervenção e Estudos em Sobredotação (ANEIS), com a finalidade de analisar as características epidemiológicas e de saúde (física e psicológica) das mesmas.
Materiais e métodos: os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário aos pais, cujos educandos são membros da ANEIS.
Resultados: Numa população de 50 crianças sobredotadas, obtiveram-se 33 respostas aos questionários. Obtivemos apenas 1 resposta, em que os pais não consideraram importante o papel da ANEIS no desenvolvimento dos filhos. Em 14 casos (42,4%) a frequência da associação deve-se a uma multiplicidade de fatores entre os quais: conflitos intrapessoais, relação com os pares e inadaptação escolar. Quanto ao bem-estar psicológico, 23 crianças (69,7%) necessitavam de apoio psicológico, a maioria por um problema específico, embora se tenha verificado a associação de vários fatores em 8 casos (24,2%).
Ao nível da saúde física, averiguámos que estas crianças apresentaram, ao nascer, uma tendência para percentis abaixo do P50 nos diversos parâmetros antropométricos: peso, comprimento e perímetro cefálico (75,8%, 60,6%, 59,3%, respetivamente). Verificou-se que em 4 crianças (12,1%) existia uma malformação congénita e 21 (63,6%) apresentavam co-morbilidades; 84,8% das crianças é seguida por, pelo menos uma, especialidade médica. Constatámos que a grande maioria das crianças sobredotadas é dextra (81,8%).
Conclusão: A literatura invoca para a evidência de uma via comum entre psicopatologia-sobredotação. Quanto ao estudo estatístico, apesar de se verificarem tendências para algumas características no perfil de saúde das crianças, não foi possível tirar conclusões sólidas devido à pequena dimensão da amostra.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to understand the neurobiological foundations of giftedness, in order to understand if there is a common route of neuropathology between giftedness-organic disease. It was also carried out a basic research with the children of the National Association of Intervention and Studies on Giftedness (ANEIS), in order to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and health (physical and psychological) of those children. Methods: Data were obtained by applying a questionnaire to the ANEIS’s parents whose students are registred there. Results: In a population of 50 gifted children were obtained 33 responses to the questionnaires. Only 3% of ANEIS’s parents did not considered the association important in the development of children. Most of the children have attended the association due to a multiplicity of factors (42.4%) including: intrapersonal conflicts, relationship with peers and school maladjustment. As for the psychological well-being, 69.7% of children need psychological support, mostly for a specific problem, although there was the combination of several factors in 24.2% of cases. In terms of physical health, we found out that these children had at birth, a tendency to percentiles below the P50 in various anthropometric parameters: weight, length and head circumference (75.8%, 60.6%, 59.3%, respectively). It was found that 12.1% of the children had a congenital malformation, and 63.6% have co-morbidities; 84.8% of children are followed by at least one medical specialty. We found that the vast majority of gifted children is dexter (81.8%). Conclusion: The literature relies for evidence of a common pathway between psychopathology-giftedness. The statistical study, although trends are true for some features in the health profile of the children, it was not possible to draw firm conclusions due to the small sample size.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to understand the neurobiological foundations of giftedness, in order to understand if there is a common route of neuropathology between giftedness-organic disease. It was also carried out a basic research with the children of the National Association of Intervention and Studies on Giftedness (ANEIS), in order to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and health (physical and psychological) of those children. Methods: Data were obtained by applying a questionnaire to the ANEIS’s parents whose students are registred there. Results: In a population of 50 gifted children were obtained 33 responses to the questionnaires. Only 3% of ANEIS’s parents did not considered the association important in the development of children. Most of the children have attended the association due to a multiplicity of factors (42.4%) including: intrapersonal conflicts, relationship with peers and school maladjustment. As for the psychological well-being, 69.7% of children need psychological support, mostly for a specific problem, although there was the combination of several factors in 24.2% of cases. In terms of physical health, we found out that these children had at birth, a tendency to percentiles below the P50 in various anthropometric parameters: weight, length and head circumference (75.8%, 60.6%, 59.3%, respectively). It was found that 12.1% of the children had a congenital malformation, and 63.6% have co-morbidities; 84.8% of children are followed by at least one medical specialty. We found that the vast majority of gifted children is dexter (81.8%). Conclusion: The literature relies for evidence of a common pathway between psychopathology-giftedness. The statistical study, although trends are true for some features in the health profile of the children, it was not possible to draw firm conclusions due to the small sample size.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016
Palavras-chave
Neuropatologia Criança superdotada Neurobiologia Pediatria