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Resumo(s)
A subsistĂȘncia de bactĂ©rias multirresistentes a antibiĂłticos pode ser devida a vĂĄrios factores, entre os quais a epistasia. Tem sido demonstrado que a epistasia pode variar com mudanças ambientais. Descobriu-se recentemente que a bactĂ©ria Escherichia coli cresce mais depressa em alta densidade bacteriana do que em baixa densidade, um fenĂłmeno denominado de vantagem no crescimento dependente do contacto (VDC). Este trabalho demonstra que a VDC Ă© capaz de alterar os perfis epistĂĄticos entre mutaçÔes de resistĂȘncia. Reportamos aqui que a epistasia positiva, atravĂ©s da qual o efeito combinado de mutaçÔes deletĂ©rias Ă© menor do que o esperado na ausĂȘncia de interacçÔes genĂ©ticas, Ă© mais prevalente em alta densidade bacteriana. TambĂ©m se demonstra que a epistasia de sinal, um tipo de interacção genĂ©tica na qual combinaçÔes deletĂ©rias podem em conjunto tornar-se benĂ©ficas, Ă© muito comum em combinaçÔes com epistasia positiva no inĂcio do crescimento exponencial. No que diz respeito ao mecanismo de VDC, os nossos resultados sugerem que a magnitude da vantagem em alta densidade nĂŁo Ă© dependente da taxa de crescimento dos mutantes, beneficiando mais uma estirpe consoante quĂŁo menor Ă© o seu fitness base. Por Ășltimo, Ă© reportado que, em determinados contextos ecolĂłgicos, mutaçÔes de resistĂȘncia com um efeito deletĂ©rio podem tornar-se benĂ©ficas e a multirresistĂȘncia pode nĂŁo implicar custos. Este trabalho demonstra que as interacçÔes biĂłticas podem influenciar as relaçÔes epistĂĄticas entre mutaçÔes que conferem resistĂȘncia a antibiĂłticos. Deste modo, para as bactĂ©rias, a presença ou ausĂȘncia de uma desvantagem na multirresistĂȘncia Ă© dependente do ambiente em que se encontram e de com que outras bactĂ©rias se encontram.
The subsistence of multidrug resistant bacteria may be due to many factors, including epistasis. It has been shown that epistasis may vary with environmental changes. Recently, it has been revealed that the bacteria Escherichia coli grows faster in high bacterial density than in low bacterial density, a phenomena named as contact dependent growth advantage (CDA). This work shows that CDA is capable of changing epistatic patterns between resistance mutations. Here, we report that positive epistasis, where combined effects of deleterious mutations are lower than expected in the absence of genetic interactions, is more prevalent in high bacterial density. It is also shown that in the early exponential growth phase sign epistasis, a type of genetic interaction in which combined deleterious effects may together become beneficial, is pervasive in combinations with positive epistasis. Regarding the CDA mechanism, our results suggest that the magnitude of the growth advantage is not dependent of the mutant growth rate, benefiting more a strain the lower its base fitness is. Finally it is reported that, in some ecological contexts, resistance mutations with a low deleterious effect may become beneficial and multidrug resistance may not imply costs. This work highlights that biotic interactions may influence epistatic relations between antibiotic resistance-conferring mutations. Therefore, to bacteria, the presence or absence of a disadvantage in multirresistance is dependent on the environment in which they are and on which bacteria are they with.
The subsistence of multidrug resistant bacteria may be due to many factors, including epistasis. It has been shown that epistasis may vary with environmental changes. Recently, it has been revealed that the bacteria Escherichia coli grows faster in high bacterial density than in low bacterial density, a phenomena named as contact dependent growth advantage (CDA). This work shows that CDA is capable of changing epistatic patterns between resistance mutations. Here, we report that positive epistasis, where combined effects of deleterious mutations are lower than expected in the absence of genetic interactions, is more prevalent in high bacterial density. It is also shown that in the early exponential growth phase sign epistasis, a type of genetic interaction in which combined deleterious effects may together become beneficial, is pervasive in combinations with positive epistasis. Regarding the CDA mechanism, our results suggest that the magnitude of the growth advantage is not dependent of the mutant growth rate, benefiting more a strain the lower its base fitness is. Finally it is reported that, in some ecological contexts, resistance mutations with a low deleterious effect may become beneficial and multidrug resistance may not imply costs. This work highlights that biotic interactions may influence epistatic relations between antibiotic resistance-conferring mutations. Therefore, to bacteria, the presence or absence of a disadvantage in multirresistance is dependent on the environment in which they are and on which bacteria are they with.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia Evolutiva e do Desenvolvimento). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiĂȘncias, 2013
Palavras-chave
Epistasia ResistĂȘncia aos antibiĂłticos Escherichia coli Teses de mestrado - 2013
