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Resumo(s)
A implementação de projectos de revegetação permite a recuperação de ecossistemas perturbados pela actividade humana, e a protecção dos solos dos processos de degradação, como a erosão. A comunidade microbiana do solo é considerada a base de todos os ecossistemas terrestres, dadas as suas funções ecológicas e relações com o coberto vegetal. A caracterização da comunidade microbiana do solo é importante para definir a sua capacidade para sustentar vegetação. Por outro lado, a adição de microrganismos capazes de disponibilizar nutrientes essenciais às plantas pode estimular o desenvolvimento vegetal e o estabelecimento da comunidade vegetal.
Este trabalho teve com local de estudo a pedreira do Outão, situada no Parque Natural da Arrábida, e o seu principal objectivo foi o estudo da comunidade microbiana do solo da pedreira em processo de revegetação. Estabeleceram-se ensaios para determinar: o efeito imediato e a curto prazo do desbaste selectivo de pinheiros na qualidade do solo; o efeito a curto prazo do desbaste selectivo de pinheiros na qualidade do solo sob os indivíduos de Olea europaea adjacentes; o efeito da adição de inóculos microbianos no crescimento de plântulas de Pinus halepensis e de espécies autóctones.
Os resultados obtidos indicam que a resposta da comunidade microbiana do solo a alterações no ecossistema, climáticas ou nutricionais, é detectável numa escala de tempo curta – dias a semanas. O desbaste altera o tamanho e actividade da comunidade microbiana do solo sob a influência dos pinheiros desbastados, mas essas alterações desvanecem-se ao longo do tempo. O desbaste selectivo de pinheiros não teve efeito significativo a curto prazo nas características microbiológicas do solo sob a influência de O. europaea. A inoculação de bactérias de vida livre incrementa o crescimento das plântulas de P. halepensis, mas não das espécies autóctones. A ocorrência de efeito da adição de bactérias de vida livre no crescimento das plântulas depende da combinação bactéria/espécie vegetal utilizada.
The implementation of revegetation practices allows the recovery of ecosystems damaged due to human activity, and protects the soils from degradation processes, like erosion. The soil microbial community is considered the basis of all terrestrial ecosystems, given its ecological functions and relationship with vegetation. Characterization of soil microbial community is important to establish the soil capacity to sustain vegetation. Moreover, the inoculation of micro-organisms capable of providing plant nutrients can stimulate plant growth and establishment of plant communities. The present study was carried out in a limestone quarry currently operating inside Arrábida Natural Park. The main aim of this work was to study the soil microbial community in the quarry revegetation process. Experiments were established to determine: the immediate and short-term effect of pine thinning on soil quality, the short-term effect of pine thinning on soil quality of the adjacent individuals of Olea europaea, and the effect of bacterial inoculation on Pinus halepensis and native species seedling growth. The results indicate that the soil microbial community response to nutrient and climatic changes in the ecosystem is detectable on a short time scale - days or weeks. Thinning changes the size and activity of soil microbial community of thinned pines, but these changes fade over time. Pine thinning doesn’t have an effect on the soil microbial community of O. europaea. Inoculation of free-living bacteria increases the growth of P. halepensis seedlings, but doesn’t have an effect on the growth of native species seedlings. The benefits of free-living bacteria inoculation depends on the combination of tree species/ micro-organism used.
The implementation of revegetation practices allows the recovery of ecosystems damaged due to human activity, and protects the soils from degradation processes, like erosion. The soil microbial community is considered the basis of all terrestrial ecosystems, given its ecological functions and relationship with vegetation. Characterization of soil microbial community is important to establish the soil capacity to sustain vegetation. Moreover, the inoculation of micro-organisms capable of providing plant nutrients can stimulate plant growth and establishment of plant communities. The present study was carried out in a limestone quarry currently operating inside Arrábida Natural Park. The main aim of this work was to study the soil microbial community in the quarry revegetation process. Experiments were established to determine: the immediate and short-term effect of pine thinning on soil quality, the short-term effect of pine thinning on soil quality of the adjacent individuals of Olea europaea, and the effect of bacterial inoculation on Pinus halepensis and native species seedling growth. The results indicate that the soil microbial community response to nutrient and climatic changes in the ecosystem is detectable on a short time scale - days or weeks. Thinning changes the size and activity of soil microbial community of thinned pines, but these changes fade over time. Pine thinning doesn’t have an effect on the soil microbial community of O. europaea. Inoculation of free-living bacteria increases the growth of P. halepensis seedlings, but doesn’t have an effect on the growth of native species seedlings. The benefits of free-living bacteria inoculation depends on the combination of tree species/ micro-organism used.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Microbiologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2011
Palavras-chave
Microbiologia do solo Pinheiros Qualidade do solo Pedreiras Rizobactérias Crescimento vegetal Revegetação Teses de doutoramento - 2011
