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Diversidade e abundância de abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) num espaço verde urbanizado em Lisboa: a Tapada da Ajuda
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Resumo(s)
A polinização por parte de abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) é um serviço de ecossistema de extrema importância para o mundo vivo. Contudo, múltiplas fontes antropogénicas aliadas ao forte desconhecimento sobre a diversidade e hábitos de abelhas silvestres, têm ameaçado estes polinizadores nas últimas décadas. Pretendeu-se com este trabalho aprofundar o conhecimento relativo à diversidade de abelhas silvestres em Portugal, identificando as respetivas características ecológicas num espaço verde urbanizado (Tapada da Ajuda), localizado em Lisboa, amostrando cinco locais distintos: talhão de Herbáceas do Almotivo, Hortas da Terra Grande, Jardim do Pavilhão de Exposições, Pomar de citrinos e Reserva Botânica. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se perceber de que forma as intervenções efetuadas nestes locais puderam condicionar a diversidade de abelhas de um ponto de vista sazonal, sugerindo no fim, medidas de gestão que visem o melhoramento dos serviços dos ecossistemas prestados pelos polinizadores neste espaço verde. Foram capturados 867 exemplares, englobando cinco famílias, 21 géneros e 66 espécies, das quais oito são consideradas raras em Portugal. As espécies mais frequentes foram Apis mellifera L., Xylocopa violacea (L.) e Bombus terrestris L. A maioria das espécies capturadas nidificavam em cavidades, eram solitárias e generalistas florais. A Reserva Botânica, apresentou o maior número de espécies de abelha identificadas (44), enquanto que o Pomar de citrinos teve a menor diversidade (apenas cinco espécies). A riqueza florística foi o fator que mais aparentou influenciar o número de espécies de abelhas nestes locais. Em termos gerais, a intervenção humana foi benéfica para a diversidade de abelhas nas Hortas da Terra Grande, enquanto que no Jardim do Pavilhão de Exposições e no Pomar de citrinos, foi prejudicial. Foi sugerida a realização de novos estudos, o aumento da diversidade florística e espécies vegetais nativas, a criação de locais de nidificação para abelhas e a sensibilização do público em geral. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que a Tapada da Ajuda pode albergar uma grande diversidade de abelhas silvestres mesmo estando localizada no maior centro urbano do país.
Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) pollination is an ecosystem service of the utmost importance to the living world. However, multiple anthropogenic sources allied to the strong unawareness of the diversity and habits of wild bees, have been threatening these pollinators in the last decades. The main goal of this work was to deepen the knowledge regarding wild bee diversity in Portugal, identifying their ecological characteristics in an urbanized green space (Tapada da Ajuda), located in Lisbon, by sampling five distinct sites: Almotivo’s Herbaceous plants, Terra Grande’s Community Garden, Pavilhão de Exposições’ public Garden, Citrus orchard and the Botanical Reserve. In addition, it was intended to understand how interventions at these sites can condition bee diversity from a seasonal point of view, suggesting in the end, management measures aimed at improving ecosystem services provided by pollinators in this green space. In all, 867 specimens were collected, comprising five families, 21 genera and 66 species, of which eight are considered rare in Portugal. The most frequent species were Apis mellifera L., Xylocopa violacea (L.) and Bombus terrestris L. Most of the captured species were cavity nesters, solitary and floral generalists. The Botanical Reserve presented the largest number of bee species identified (44 species), while the citrus orchard had the lowest diversity, registering only 5 species. Floral richeness was the factor that most likely influenced the number of bee species collected at these sites. In general, human intervention was beneficial to the diversity of bees in Terra Grande’s community garden, while in the public garden around Pavilhão de Exposições and in the citrus orchard it had a negative impact. It was suggested to carry out new studies, to increase floral diversity and native plant species, to create nesting structures and to raise awareness among the public in general. The data obtained showed that Tapada da Ajuda can host a great diversity of wild bees, even though it’s located in the largest urban center of the country.
Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) pollination is an ecosystem service of the utmost importance to the living world. However, multiple anthropogenic sources allied to the strong unawareness of the diversity and habits of wild bees, have been threatening these pollinators in the last decades. The main goal of this work was to deepen the knowledge regarding wild bee diversity in Portugal, identifying their ecological characteristics in an urbanized green space (Tapada da Ajuda), located in Lisbon, by sampling five distinct sites: Almotivo’s Herbaceous plants, Terra Grande’s Community Garden, Pavilhão de Exposições’ public Garden, Citrus orchard and the Botanical Reserve. In addition, it was intended to understand how interventions at these sites can condition bee diversity from a seasonal point of view, suggesting in the end, management measures aimed at improving ecosystem services provided by pollinators in this green space. In all, 867 specimens were collected, comprising five families, 21 genera and 66 species, of which eight are considered rare in Portugal. The most frequent species were Apis mellifera L., Xylocopa violacea (L.) and Bombus terrestris L. Most of the captured species were cavity nesters, solitary and floral generalists. The Botanical Reserve presented the largest number of bee species identified (44 species), while the citrus orchard had the lowest diversity, registering only 5 species. Floral richeness was the factor that most likely influenced the number of bee species collected at these sites. In general, human intervention was beneficial to the diversity of bees in Terra Grande’s community garden, while in the public garden around Pavilhão de Exposições and in the citrus orchard it had a negative impact. It was suggested to carry out new studies, to increase floral diversity and native plant species, to create nesting structures and to raise awareness among the public in general. The data obtained showed that Tapada da Ajuda can host a great diversity of wild bees, even though it’s located in the largest urban center of the country.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2017
Palavras-chave
Abelhas Apoidea Diversidade Características ecológicas Urbanização Teses de mestrado - 2017