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A iluminação como objeto de estudo
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“A luz é a génese da visibilidade, sem luz não existe aparência visual da nossa envolvente”
(Pernão, 2012, p. 43). Partindo desse princípio, e da ideia de que estamos em um momento de grandes e necessárias mudanças relacionadas ao uso da iluminação artificial, principalmente no espaço urbano, essa dissertação vem ensaiar através de um estudo de casos, um combinado síntese do que está a ser criado e projetado no âmbito desse tema. Esse estudo interliga projetos de iluminação premiados, através de concursos anuais, com júris formados por arquitetos e designers de iluminação. Vamos perceber o que é preciso considerar em um projeto de iluminação de um edifício histórico, conforme legislação atual (2020) na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, através do estudo de tratados, manifestos e de casos, escritos e discutidos por grupos de pesquisadores da área.
A luz e sua imaterialidade dão o entendimento do que vai ser visto no ambiente noturno. Ela pode alterar nossa perceção do espaço, da arquitetura e do que é relevante no contexto urbano. É o projeto de iluminação que escolhe o que é relevante para ser ou não mostrado com maior ou menor intensidade e que transforma edifícios estáticos em corpos de luz. O objeto luz exprime ideologia, emoção, cor, profundidade, estilo e pode descrever uma nova leitura, diferente, porém não distante, do espaço à luz do dia.
Durante as investigações do estudo de casos, serão abordados (como forma de parâmetro) os conceitos aportados pela Carta de Taxco, um documento criado em 2009 por um grupo de profissionais, entre eles, engenheiros, arquitetos e designers que estabelece bases conceituais, metodológicas e práticas para a iluminação de monumentos e centros históricos. O intuito do documento é o de evitar a deterioração de locais e objetos históricos, assim como a poluição luminosa que causa impacto negativo na biodiversidade das cidades. Esse, e outros documentos aqui apresentados, ajudam a compor a base de conceitos de análise dessa dissertação. Com isso e após observação do que tem sido feito relativo a iluminação em algumas das maiores cidades europeias e americanas, essa dissertação de mestrado focada em estudo de projetos conceituados e premiados, pretende contribuir para que futuros projetos tenham uma base conceitual de consulta teórica e prática.
“Light is the genesis of visibility, without light there is no visual appearance of our surroundings” (Pernão, 2012, p. 43). Based on this principle, and on the idea that we are in a moment of great and necessary changes related to the use of artificial lighting, especially in the urban space, this dissertation comes to test through a case study, a combined synthesis of what is being created and designed under that theme. This study links award-winning lighting projects, through annual competitions, with juries made up of architects and lighting designers. We will realize what needs to be considered in a lighting project for a historic building, according to current legislation (2020) in Europe and the United States, through the study of treaties, manifestos, and cases, written and discussed by groups of researchers in the field. Light and its immateriality give an understanding of what will be seen in the night environment. It can change our perception of space, architecture and what is relevant in the urban context. It is the lighting project that chooses what is relevant to be shown or not with greater or lesser intensity and that transforms static buildings into light forms. The light object expresses ideology, emotion, colour, depth, style and can describe a new reading, different, but not distant, from space to daylight. During the case study investigations, the concepts provided by the Taxco Chart will be referred (as a form of parameter), a document created in 2009 by a group of professionals, including engineers, architects and designers that establish conceptual, methodological, and practical lighting bases for monuments and historic centres. The purpose of the document is to prevent the deterioration of historic sites and objects, as well as light pollution that has a negative impact on the biodiversity of cities. This, and other documents presented here, help to compose the base of concepts of analysis of this dissertation. With this and after observing what has been done regarding lighting in some of the largest European and American cities, this master's thesis focused on the study of renowned and awarded projects, aims to contribute to future projects having a conceptual basis for theoretical consultation and practice.
“Light is the genesis of visibility, without light there is no visual appearance of our surroundings” (Pernão, 2012, p. 43). Based on this principle, and on the idea that we are in a moment of great and necessary changes related to the use of artificial lighting, especially in the urban space, this dissertation comes to test through a case study, a combined synthesis of what is being created and designed under that theme. This study links award-winning lighting projects, through annual competitions, with juries made up of architects and lighting designers. We will realize what needs to be considered in a lighting project for a historic building, according to current legislation (2020) in Europe and the United States, through the study of treaties, manifestos, and cases, written and discussed by groups of researchers in the field. Light and its immateriality give an understanding of what will be seen in the night environment. It can change our perception of space, architecture and what is relevant in the urban context. It is the lighting project that chooses what is relevant to be shown or not with greater or lesser intensity and that transforms static buildings into light forms. The light object expresses ideology, emotion, colour, depth, style and can describe a new reading, different, but not distant, from space to daylight. During the case study investigations, the concepts provided by the Taxco Chart will be referred (as a form of parameter), a document created in 2009 by a group of professionals, including engineers, architects and designers that establish conceptual, methodological, and practical lighting bases for monuments and historic centres. The purpose of the document is to prevent the deterioration of historic sites and objects, as well as light pollution that has a negative impact on the biodiversity of cities. This, and other documents presented here, help to compose the base of concepts of analysis of this dissertation. With this and after observing what has been done regarding lighting in some of the largest European and American cities, this master's thesis focused on the study of renowned and awarded projects, aims to contribute to future projects having a conceptual basis for theoretical consultation and practice.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
iluminação artificial projeto de iluminação iluminação de edifícios históricos carta de Taxco conceitos de iluminação artificial lighting lighting design lighting of historic buildings lighting concepts
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Faculdade Arquitetura, Universidade Lisboa