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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A sobredotação tem sido uma temática alvo de crescente interesse pela comunidade científica. Foram vários os conceitos desenvolvidos ao longo das diferentes épocas históricas, cada uma dela valorizando distintas áreas do conhecimento de acordo com as necessidades sociais da época (Pereira, 2000). Actualmente predomina um conceito de sobredotação que se alarga às múltiplas áreas da capacidade humana, contrariamente a um conceito acente apenas nas capacidades cognitivas como até aos anos 60 se verificou (Fernandes, Mamede & Sousa, 2004). Acompanhando a evolução do conceito, também as características específicas destas crianças que vão sendo consideradas ao longo do tempo, vão adquirindo o seu realçe (Oliveira, 2007). Como tal, associado a um vasto reportório de especificidades, apresentam igualmente algumas vulnerabilidades emocionais e sociais que devem ser alvo de atenção.
No presente estudo pretendeu-se compreender se predomina em crianças sobredotadas uma das características específicas mencionadas pela literatura, o perfeccionismo. Neste sentido explorou-se quais as definições de perfeccionismo vigentes nas crianças e nos pais, qual a influência deste traço nas crianças em termos emocionais, qual o papel dos pais na manifestação do mesmo, e como se expressa em termos comportamentais. De uma forma geral os resultados obtidos indicam que as crianças apresentam a presença do traço perfeccionismo de carácter mais desadaptativo pelos componentes emocionais negativos envolventes, bem como pela presença de auto-exigência das próprias nos seus desempenhos e uma inconstante satisfação com os resultados obtidos. A pressão parental exerce a sua influência no aumento dos níveis de auto-exigência bem como na presença de níveis de ansiedade.
Giftedness has been a target subject of growing interest in the scientific community. There were several concepts developed along the different historical periods, each valuing different subjects of knowledge according to the social needs of the time (Pereira, 2000). The concept of giftedness that currently predominates extends to multiple areas of human capacity instead of a concept based only on cognitive abilities as it was until the 60’s (Fernandes, Mamede & Sousa, 2004). Following the evolution of the concept, also the specific characteristics of these children changed over time and acquired new importance (Oliveira, 2007). As such, associated with a vast repertoire of specificities, this children also have some emotional and social vulnerabilities that should be targeted. The aim of this study is to understand if predominates in gifted children one of the specific characteristics mentioned in the literature, perfectionism. In this sense was explored which concepts of perfectionism predominate in children and parents, which emotional influence this trait has on children, the role of parents in the manifestation of perfeccionism, and how it is expressed in behavioral terms. In general the results indicate that children have the presence of more maladaptive perfectionism by surrounding negative emotional components as well as by the presence of self-exigency in their performances and a constant dissatisfaction with the results. Parental pressure exerts its influence on the increase of self-exigency levels and the presence of anxiety levels.
Giftedness has been a target subject of growing interest in the scientific community. There were several concepts developed along the different historical periods, each valuing different subjects of knowledge according to the social needs of the time (Pereira, 2000). The concept of giftedness that currently predominates extends to multiple areas of human capacity instead of a concept based only on cognitive abilities as it was until the 60’s (Fernandes, Mamede & Sousa, 2004). Following the evolution of the concept, also the specific characteristics of these children changed over time and acquired new importance (Oliveira, 2007). As such, associated with a vast repertoire of specificities, this children also have some emotional and social vulnerabilities that should be targeted. The aim of this study is to understand if predominates in gifted children one of the specific characteristics mentioned in the literature, perfectionism. In this sense was explored which concepts of perfectionism predominate in children and parents, which emotional influence this trait has on children, the role of parents in the manifestation of perfeccionism, and how it is expressed in behavioral terms. In general the results indicate that children have the presence of more maladaptive perfectionism by surrounding negative emotional components as well as by the presence of self-exigency in their performances and a constant dissatisfaction with the results. Parental pressure exerts its influence on the increase of self-exigency levels and the presence of anxiety levels.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Sobredotação Perfecionismo Influência parental Impacto emocional Teses de mestrado - 2016
