A carregar...
Publicação
Bases comuns do voluntariado no Brasil e Portugal : entre a tutela e a emancipação
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.69 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A dissertação analisa a temática do voluntariado em perspectiva comparativa entre o Brasil e Portugal, propondo que as suas bases institucionais são comuns, e observa em que medida as iniciativas empreendidas diferem e em que momento se encontram. O termo voluntariado como hoje é aplicado, nos seus diversos matizes, é um produto decorrente de um conjunto de iniciativas historicamente empreendidas diante da pobreza. As respostas às dificuldades sociais chegam ao Brasil por meio das confrarias e ordens religiosas Portuguesas, a fim de desempenharem a sua missão e a caridade como estatuto. Essa pobreza no Brasil não era conhecida até então pelos seus habitantes originários; o que se dizia da pobreza dos índios era “o paradigma de uma pobreza que, além do material, era também – e, sobretudo – espiritual” do ponto de vista dos colonizadores, Franco (2011, p. 52). A linha histórica da assistência aos pobres modifica-se em consonância com as manifestações das políticas de Estado, ora menos ou mais centralizadas. Perceber o fenômeno do voluntariado como forma de “reação” da sociedade civil – individual ou institucional –, ou do Estado à pobreza, só é possível se soubermos discernir sobre quais valores de caridade e solidariedade, concepções de filantropia, abordagens da assistência determinada iniciativa voluntária se fundamenta, seja nos seus porquês, discursos, práticas e, principalmente, como impactam e influenciam nos resultados demonstrados. O voluntariado, junto aos outros termos analisados, é sempre a ação, e os demais vocábulos constituem os seus atributos, e pôde ser estudado em cinco eixos estruturantes: 1) Conceitos; 2) Elementos caracterizadores; 3) Formas e subdivisões; 4) Amparo legal; e 5) Motivações e valores. A pesquisa empírica através de entrevistas com representantes do cenário do voluntariado de ambos os países tentou perceber, para além da procedência das ações altruístas – para fins caritativos ou para exercício da cidadania em seus territórios –, em que me medida as práticas observadas eram mais ou menos tutelares ou emancipatórias. E encontraram-se bases institucionais, do voluntariado formal, como pontos em comum, e o exercício do voluntariado enquanto participação cidadã como as diferenças, que se associam ao histórico da democracia em cada um dos países.
This thesis analyzes the subject of volunteering and establishes a comparative study between Brazil and Portugal, suggesting that the institutional basis of the action in both countries is essentially common. Moreover, it is described to what extent, and within which period, the initiatives carried by each country differ. The modern concept of volunteering, in its various declinations, concerns a set of initiatives adopted throughout the history in order to face poverty. The Portuguese confraternities and religious orders bring responses to the social difficulties in Brazil, and charity is mostly practiced as a guarantee of the status quo. Before the establishment of the Portuguese confraternities, poverty was not known by the Brazilian natives, and the native poverty was often referred by the colonizers to as “the paradigm of a poverty that, besides material, was also – and especially – spiritual” Franco (2011, p. 52). The history of the assistance of the poor therefore depends on the manifestation of the power distribution by the State, being more or less centralized. Understanding the phenomenon of volunteering as a reaction from the civil society (individual or institutional) towards poverty is only possible if we can distinguish the roots of charity and philanthropy. In the present work, volunteering is presented as the action, and can be studied through the following five structural attributes: concepts, characterizing elements, forms and subdivisions, legal protection, and motivations and values. The empirical research material obtained by interviewing the representatives of the volunteering scene of both countries aims at understanding (beyond the origin of altruistic actions, whether for charity or for the exercise of citizenship) to what extent the practices are more or less tutelary or emancipatory. This research suggests the institutional bases (formal volunteering) as a common point to the two countries, and shows that the exercise of volunteering as a exercise of citizenship contains differences that are associated with the history of democracy.
This thesis analyzes the subject of volunteering and establishes a comparative study between Brazil and Portugal, suggesting that the institutional basis of the action in both countries is essentially common. Moreover, it is described to what extent, and within which period, the initiatives carried by each country differ. The modern concept of volunteering, in its various declinations, concerns a set of initiatives adopted throughout the history in order to face poverty. The Portuguese confraternities and religious orders bring responses to the social difficulties in Brazil, and charity is mostly practiced as a guarantee of the status quo. Before the establishment of the Portuguese confraternities, poverty was not known by the Brazilian natives, and the native poverty was often referred by the colonizers to as “the paradigm of a poverty that, besides material, was also – and especially – spiritual” Franco (2011, p. 52). The history of the assistance of the poor therefore depends on the manifestation of the power distribution by the State, being more or less centralized. Understanding the phenomenon of volunteering as a reaction from the civil society (individual or institutional) towards poverty is only possible if we can distinguish the roots of charity and philanthropy. In the present work, volunteering is presented as the action, and can be studied through the following five structural attributes: concepts, characterizing elements, forms and subdivisions, legal protection, and motivations and values. The empirical research material obtained by interviewing the representatives of the volunteering scene of both countries aims at understanding (beyond the origin of altruistic actions, whether for charity or for the exercise of citizenship) to what extent the practices are more or less tutelary or emancipatory. This research suggests the institutional bases (formal volunteering) as a common point to the two countries, and shows that the exercise of volunteering as a exercise of citizenship contains differences that are associated with the history of democracy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Voluntariado - Brasil Voluntariado - Portugal Participação social - Brasil Participação social - Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2020